Thursday, July 31, 2014

‘Don’t make excuses for poor quality Made-in-China’ --- Venkatesan Vembu

http://www.dnaindia.com/money/interview-don-t-make-excuses-for-poor-quality-made-in-china-1284898

As a fix-it man for overseas importers and retailers sourcing from China, Paul Midler, a Chinese-speaking Wharton MBA grad, gained a unique perspective into the Made-in-China story.
As a fix-it man for overseas importers and retailers sourcing from China, Paul Midler, a Chinese-speaking Wharton MBA grad, gained a unique perspective into the Made-in-China story. 

That experience, during which he worked with hundreds of Chinese factories, made him an eyewitness to the manipulation of product quality by factories and the other ways in which they bamboozled overseas businessmen and partners. In an interview to DNA, Midler, author of Poorly Made in China, reveals the dark secrets of the Made-in-China story. Excerpts:

How widespread is the problem of ‘Quality Fade’ (a gradual fadeaway of quality) in China? It’s very widespread. When there was a problem with lead-painted toys coming out of China in 2007, the media said, ‘China has a toy problem’. When there were problems in China’s dairy industry, they saw it as a ‘dairy problem’. When it was tyres, they said, it was a ‘tyre problem’. There were others: toothpaste, petfood… 

The problems in those specific areas came out of a certain behaviour among manufacturers in China. The instances of quality failure in the headlines are not the root problem, but the symptoms of the root problem, which is a certain attitude towards business, customer service, business ethics… the question of how you conduct yourself with somebody who is considered your partner. And that is something China is struggling with.

Why did not these ‘symptoms’ — lead-painted toys and melamine-tainted baby milk powder — serve as a wake-up call for foreign importers and Chinese manufacturers?People in the West don’t want to believe there’s a problem in China. They try to brush it aside and make excuses for China. These are people I call “China enablers”: those who enable bad habits and patterns of behaviour. The US, as a big buyer, should be doing more, but people are making excuses for China, saying, ‘China’s not developed enough’, or ‘They’re poor’, or ‘They were forced to do this’. This doesn’t help the situation. The Chinese manufacturing industry doesn’t want to ‘lose face’, and people who deal with China want to be polite; there are no frank discussions about quality in China. There’s nobody who thinks ‘What can do to make things better in China?’ 

How much of the problem is because profit-minded importers are beating down the ‘China Price’ excessively? If you’re dealing with someone who is unethical, and if you’re suggesting that that someone is unethical because the price is too low, my view is this: if they’re unethical at a dollar, they’re not going to suddenly become ethical for $1.20. The really unethical player would convince you to pay more and will still deliver bad products. 

Chinese manufacturers are savvy business owners. They know how to prevent counterfeit goods from being passed on to him; in some cases, he may know how to engage in counterfeiting. I’ve a difficult time believing suppliers who say, ‘We didn’t know we bought things that had lead in it. We didn’t notice.’ 

What are the most common manufacturing ‘tricks of the trade’ you’ve encountered? The business strategising aspect of China manufacturers is as interesting as the Quality Fade. Manufacturers are generally very quick to agree to certain conditions and terms: it’s part of the success of the China model. Low-balling on the bidding to win projects is common anywhere. What’s really striking about China is that you have operators that bid below any expectation of profits. I call it ‘Profit Zero’. 

So, how do they find their profit margins? The key is to capture the customer. They know that down the road they can engage in some ‘price creep’, ratchet up the price in different ways. They do it just before the order can be produced, saying they need another 10%, which moves some of the profit margin from the importer to the factory in the short term. Then, over a series of time frames, they reduce the quality in small, incremental amounts that the customer doesn’t notice. Meantime, they’re learning about the business. They say, ‘Maybe I don’t make any money on Customer A, but I can take this knowledge and information and I make money on Customer B.’ That’s also part of the business strategy. 

There’s a willingness to move fast, they’re eager to please, they price low. Yet, a lot of American importers that go to China end up regretting it because a deal with one of these factories is never as good as it is in the beginning. Things tend to get worse over time. That’s a bad sign. If there’s hope for the China-US relationship, you’d think there’d be signs of the relationship getting better over time. With China manufacturing, it actually gets much worse over time. 

We’re being set up for being taken advantage of.

Why don’t importers switch manufacturers or countries — to India, Vietnam, or Bangladesh?India vs China is an interesting case, and there’s been a lot of chatter about that. But one of the problems with India is lead time. Think about this: if China is competing with India in manufacturing, why are there so many Indians sourcing from China? I’ve had Indian clients; they could be sourcing from India, but they say they can’t wait six months for a product to be introduced. 

Vietnam is in a similar situation. The labour there is cheaper, but unless you control your own production, it’s a nightmare to get anything done. No other country has put together what China has. Take China’s clustering phenomenon. You want to purchase knives? You go to a city that has nothing but knives. No other country has not just economies of scale and levels of convenience. 

China’s infrastructure is all set up, right down to a larger number of agents on the ground. In many cases these middle-men are the guys who make the decisions about where the product is to be made. They are the real deflationary heroes, more than the factory owner who makes the product or the retailer who sells it. It’s he who keeps prices down, who threatens to move to another factory when things don’t go well…

But that never happens…They say it all the time: it’s just a Western habit to bang on the table and threaten to walk away, but they never do. And the factories know this: they’re aware of American negotiating tactics. It never happens. 

Also, in the past 10-15 years, there’s been a lot of disintermediation. The customer who was importing $50 million worth of products from China is now competing with five different customers who are importing products for $10 million each. That’s a proliferation of importers, and in such a situation your buying power shrinks, and your prices go up. All these importers were made to think that things are so easy in China that they can bypass the intermediary and come out ahead. A lot of people who go to China directly realise it’s too late because they’ve already burnt their bridges with the intermediary. 

Why haven’t US consumer protection agencies been able to filter out low-quality goods from China? One, these agencies are resource-constrained. The US Consumer Product Safety Commission just doesn’t have enough people. But even if it had, it can’t inspect everything that comes into the US: the volume is too large. Most industries are self-regulated…

The other problem is that when it comes to poor quality, you have to know what you’re looking for. In China, you’re dealing with a partner who is not straightforward with you. A lot of counterfeiting goes on. With hindsight, everybody says, ‘Why weren’t we looking for melamine in milk?’ But a year ago, nobody even knew what melamine was. When you send, say, a shampoo sample to the lab for testing, you can’t just tell the lab to make sure there’s no bad stuff in it. Labs charge by the screen, and want to know what screens to run. You have to tell them what you’re looking for. And each of those tests adds to the cost. 

You also make the point that at some stage, some importers don’t want to know about quality problems. Factories have their ways of making things cheap, and they don’t always disclose their production secrets. Sometimes we don’t want to ask. That way, we don’t know what they’re doing, so if something bad happens, we can say, 

‘We didn’t know.’ But if we ask and we find out they’re using some chemical that’s not legal, we have a problem: now we know. 

You were on the ground in China (on behalf of importers). You speak Chinese. You had access to factories. Why could you not prevent these manufacturing tricks? 
In matters like this, there has to be trust; there’s no other way to do it. For me to guarantee what’s in a shampoo, I shouldn’t have to stand in the factory on the days that they were mixing the shampoo, test every ingredient, ask them what they were putting in… There has to be a level of trust… 

And you can’t trust Chinese manufactures?
I won’t say you can’t trust all manufactures. But in China, it’s not just the number of quality failures that’s worrisome, it’s also the kind of quality failures. It goes beyond just accidents in the factory or negligence; it also goes beyond worker ‘laziness’ or a factory owner ‘cutting corners’. ‘Cutting corners’ is too benign an expression to describe some of the things that go on in China, where some people are going out of their way to ‘slip one past the inspectors’, as the melamine-in-milk scandal showed. Not all the quality failures are alike: some of them are more unethical than others; but it doesn’t get any worse than the melamine case. Dozens of companies were involved, which means potentially hundreds of people knew about it. Children were dying. So why didn’t people talk? Why aren’t there whistle-blowers in China? It’s because employees don’t want their factory or China to lose face, so they think it’s better to sweep it under the rug. 

You claim that the most bullish China analysts are the ones who don’t want to live in mainland China. What does the lived-in, grassroots experience of mainland China tell you that faraway analysts don’t see?Right now, we’re in the middle of an economic crisis. When the book was being written, there was a much bigger gap between my understanding of the problems in China and the outside-in view of China as this paradise of investment or opportunity. 
How do you have Wall Street analysts being so bullish on China when they’ve never seen what goes on over there and the problems there are in China? One of my friends is a Hong Kong-based analyst. Like a lot of analysts, he talks about how he will move to Beijing (or Shanghai), but like a lot of analysts, he’s waiting for the “right time”. They never do it because in mainland China, the education system, the health system, pollution… it’s bad. It’s a huge irony; analysts are very happy to write about this fantastic phenomenon called China, but they just don’t want to be there… 

A great example is (US investor) Jim Rogers. He famously sold his Manhattan home and announced he was moving his family to China because that’s where the global economic focus was shifting. Yet, after considering many Chinese cities, including Shanghai, Dalian and Qingdao, the ‘China bull’ finally settled in Singapore! There wasn’t a place in all of China that he would live in: imagine that! That’s the problem: there’s been a lot of bluster and a lot of boasting. You have to be a little frank with what you have here… 

Hasn’t the Made-in-China story been a force for good in any way at all? People talk about the good that China does… But I have a difficult time saying big positive things about China. People say China kept costs down for a lot of countries. But you go to Cambodia or Laos, and you can’t find anything that’s not made in China today. From a trade balance perspective, I don’t know if those countries are well off…

Germany is the new China --- Vivek Kaul

http://www.dnaindia.com/money/column-germany-is-the-new-china-1397342

Having bankrolled the PIIGS economies to its advantage, Germany must now bail them out for its own safety. It’s the US-China story with different countries.
“So where were you?” she asked, as soon as I got back home, totally drenched by the first showers of the season.
“Oh. I was spending some time with J, consoling his broken heart,” I replied.
“And did that help?”
“Well, not really. We were watching this Orson Welles movie, The Lady from Shanghai.”
“How was it?” she asked.
“Nice, but the last lines of the movie mouthed by a character played by Welles really depressed J.”
“What were the last lines?” she asked.
“‘Well, everybody is somebody’s fool. The only way to stay out of trouble is to grow old. So I guess I’ll concentrate on that. Maybe I’ll live so long… that I’ll forget her. Maybe I’ll die trying.’ These were the last lines.”
“Looks like he is really missing L. Poor him. Guess he needs to get out of the city for a while.”
“Yeah he has got a job in Germany, will be moving there.”
“Ah. Germany, the land of engineering, exports and the euro.” she said.
“You make his movement sound so poetic. But its interesting how closely the rise of Germany as an export oriented nation is linked to euro as a currency.”
“How is that?”
“Before 1999, Germany’s currency was the deutschemark. It was supposed to be second strongest currency in the world after the US dollar. When Germany moved to the euro along with 12 other European countries on January 1, 1999, the strength of the deutschemark as a currency moved onto the euro. Euro became the new deutschemark.”
“But how did that benefit Germany?”
“It benefited Germany in two ways. One of course was that with a single currency being used across most of the larger countries in Europe, trade between countries became easier. And that helped German exports shoot up. But that’s an obvious point. The subtle point is that euro inherited the strength of the deutschemark. The world looked at deutschemark as a strong currency. And since January 1, 1999, the world looked at euro as a strong currency.
This benefited countries such as Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, Spain (PIIGS) etc. Before they moved onto using euro as a currency, they had to borrow money at interest rates much greater than the rate at which Germany could borrow. When they moved onto using euro as a currency, they inherited this strength of Germany and the deutschemark. So they could also borrow at interest rates close to the rates at which Germany could borrow.
This meant lower interest rates for the PIIGS and other countries using the euro. And lower interest rates led to more borrowings. A part of these borrowings was used to buy stuff from Germany, which meant German exports shot up big time. What also helped Germany is the fact that it had 50% lower labour costs than the PIIGS, making its products competitive cost wise as well.”
“And all this helped Germany to boost its exports?”
“Yeah, it did. In fact, Germany’s exports at €1trillion  are nearly equal to that of China’s at €1.1 trillion. Now compare this to the exports in 1995, which were at €487 billion. The number in 1999, the first year of the euro being used as a currency was at €469 billion. This increased to €548 billion in the year 2000. Since then the exports have short up to €1 trillion. Having a single currency across 16 other countries has helped Germany boost its exports by removing the cost of dealing in multiple currencies.”
“Pretty interesting. But who was lending money to these countries and its citizens?” she asked.
“Well, a part of the lending was carried out by German banks. So the way it worked was Germany lent money to PIIGS economies at low interest rates, which they in turn spent to buy German goods. Let me get into a little more detail. Italy owes Germany $190 billion. Spain owes $238 billion. Ireland owes $184 billion and Portugal owes $47 billion. And the smallest of them all, Greece, owes Germany $45 billion. That adds up to $704 billion. Given this interest of German banks in the PIIGS economies, Germany had to back the $962 billion (€750 billion) rescue package for these economies.
If there was no bailout, German banks would have to bear the brunt of debt defaults from these countries. And over and above that, the well-oiled export machinery of Germany would have slowed down as well, due to lesser demand from the PIIGS economies.”
“Oh that sounds so similar to the China model of growth,” she said.
“Yes it does. As we have discussed in the past, the US over the years has been the biggest importer in the world. And this benefited China and Japan. The US imported, China earned dollars. These dollars found their way back into the US, as China bought financial securities issued by government and quasi-government firms in the US,” I explained.
“So what we are seeing is the US-China story playing out with different countries?” she asked.
“Yes,” I replied. “The equation between Germany-PIIGS is pretty similar, with Germany lending to these countries at low interest rates, and they in turn buying German goods and services and helping boost German exports. But now they are in trouble. And like the Chinese have to continue to buy financial securities issued by the US government, Germany has to rescue the PIIGS economies, so that its own economy does not suffer.”
“So what is the twist?” she asked, a quirky smile on her face.
“Oh, the twist is that all such rescue efforts boil down to a money printing exercise, where governments print money to pay off debtors. And Germany is suspicious of any process that smells of money printing. Basically, to finance their efforts in World War I, Germany had printed a lot of money. As Liaquat Ahamed points out in Lords of Finance, “Germany… expanded its money supply by 400%. By the end of 1920, German prices stood at 10 times the 1913 level.”
Above this, after losing the war, Germany had to pay had to pay the victors, and that made the situation worse. The Reichsbank (the German central bank) printed ever increasing amount of marks (the German currency) to finance the deficit. With more and more money being printed, the mark started to lose value dramatically — one dollar was worth 4.2 marks in 1914. By 1920, it was worth 65 marks. In August 1923, it was worth 620,000 marks. By early November, it was worth 630 billion marks. Given this hyperinflation, Germany is suspicious of any rescue effort which smells of money printing, like the current rescue of the PIIGS.”
“So they are essentially in a Catch-22 like situation?”
“If they do not rescue the PIIGS, they will be in trouble now, if they do as they are, they will be in trouble later.”
“But what if something else were 
to happen?”
“Well, what if I do not answer your question?”
“Oh, yeah?”
“As Ghalib, the king of urdu poetry, once said, ‘Hui muddat ki ghalib mar gaya par yaad aata hai, wo hur ik baat par kehna, ki yun hota to kya hota?’”
(The example is hypothetical)
 

Don't quit; persist and be patient --- K VIJAYARAGHAVAN

Anyone who undertakes a venture in any field of human excellence is bound to face not merely difficulties but often also frustration and even ridicule or lack of support, extending itself to a situation of his not even being noticed, let alone being approved. He, who having undertaken this journey after having analytically comprehended his true capacities and talents in the chosen field, would find strength from these lines of the poem Don't Quit: "When things go wrong, as they sometimes will,/When the road you're trudging seems all up hill,/When the funds are low and the debts are high,/And you want to smile, but you have to sigh,/Rest, if you must — but don't quit".


Indeed tough times don't last but tough people do. Failures and repeated failures, besides instances of discouragement and repeated discouragement, should be met with repeated attempts and renewed courage. This concept is epitomised by the incident concerning king Robert Bruce, who after many defeats in war, on observing a spider repeatedly attempting to make its web till it succeeded, recoups and marshals his forces again for the final and successful battle. These lines of 'Don't Quit' are, thus, doubtless not mere theoretical rhetoric: "Don't give up, though the pace seems slow -/ You might succeed with another blow".
The intelligent seeker would also see through the vain boasts of the shallow and the overconfident. He would realise the force in Henry Thoreau's observation: "The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation". It is a pity that, very often, even the intelligent are overawed by sheer glitter and make-believe, as were the many terrified onlookers, in that didactic story, who stood rooted 'appreciating' the 'thin' robes of the 'king emperor', until a mere child exclaimed, "Why is the emperor naked?"
Not seeing any light at the end of what may appear an unending tunnel, the truly courageous would know how, as noted by the poem, often "success is failure turned inside out" and about those tragic cases where "often the struggler has given up/When he might have captured the victor's cup/And he learned too late, when the night slipped down,/How close he was to the golden crown".
The path to excellence, as noted by Katha Upanishad (1,iii,14) is, indeed, as difficult to pass over as a razor's edge. The late G Chidambaram Iyer used to tell that this path is not "for the ungirt loin or the unlit lamp". Truly, the message for the doubting, yet true seeker, would be, "Don't ever quit"!

‘No Ponzi game can ever be allowed to stop’ -- Vivek Kaul

“The global economy has, in all probability, entered a period of stability after a fairly big decline,” says renowned derivatives expert Satyajit Das.
“The global economy has, in all probability, entered a period of stability after a fairly big decline,” says renowned derivatives expert Satyajit Das. His works include Swaps/ Financial Derivatives Library, a 4-volume, 4,200-page reference work for practitioners on derivatives, and Traders, Guns & Money: Knowns and Unknowns in the Dazzling World of Derivatives. 
“Market sentiment seems to be shaped less by facts than the Doors’ song, “I’ve been down for so long, it feels like up to me,” he tells DNA Money’s Vivek Kaul in this interview.



We are more than 18 months into the financial crisis. Lately, there has been a lot of talk on various economies reviving; green shoots, as the world calls it. How do you see it?
Botanical commentators are finding ‘green shoots’. Strong rallies in equity and debt markets have confirmed the recovery for the ‘true believers’. It is useful to remember Winston Churchill’s observation after the British expeditionary force’s escape from Dunkirk: “[Britain] must be very careful not to assign to this deliverance the attributes of a victory”. There may be confusion between ‘stabilisation’ and ‘recovery’. The ‘green shoots’ theory is based on a slowdown in the rate of decline in key economic indicators, improvements in the financial system, unprecedented government support for the banking system, near-zero interest rates and large fiscal stimulus packages. The recovery of emerging markets and a renewed belief in Decoupling (Release 2.0) also underpin hopes of a swift return to growth.
On 14 June 2009, Wolfgang Munchau writing in the Financial Times (‘Optimism is not enough for a global recovery’) eloquently summed up the developments: “Instead of solving the problems to generate a recovery, the political strategies have consisted of waiting for a recovery to solve the problem. The Europeans are relying on the Americans to generate growth. The Americans are relying on the Chinese, who in turn are waiting for the rest of the world.”

Do you feel the western economies have started turning around?The puzzling thing is that real economy indicators continue to be poor. GDP forecasts for 2009 have steadily deteriorated with world growth expected to be a negative 2-3% with especially poor prospects for Japan and the Eurozone. Industrial output, employment, consumption, investment and global trade continue to be weak. Even China, expected to grow between 6% and 8% in 2009, experienced a fall in exports of over 20% over the last year.
The ‘wealth effects’ of the GFC on economic activity are unclear. In the US alone, $30 trillion of value has been destroyed. Pension funds have lost anywhere between 20% and 50% of their value. Combined with declines in housing prices and reduced dividends and investment income, the sharp decline in wealth may not be yet to fully flow through into consumption.
The financial system has stabilised but not returned to the ‘rude good health’. Good results for Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan are offset by less impressive performances by Bank of America and CitiGroup. The problems at CIT also highlight the problems for the financial system and the threat to availability of credit to small and medium sized businesses.
Profitability is patchy and reliant on risky trading income and large underwriting revenues from capital raisings by financial institutions and companies who are de-leveraging aggressively. Asset quality remains vulnerable to more bad debts from the normal recessionary credit cycle that is working through the economy.
Bank risk levels have increased and in some cases to beyond pre-crisis levels. Goldman Sachs’ Q2 earnings showed an increase in risk levels as measured by Value-at-Risk (VAR). The increase in risk is probably understated as it takes into account diversification benefits that maybe overstated under conditions of market stress.
It is probably also understated because of assumption of trading liquidity that may be optimistic given recent experience. The higher levels of risk taking reflect increasing comfort in central bank support of financial institution’s liquidity and their ability and willingness to intervene to limit price risks
Capital remains scarce and bank balance sheets are at best not growing and at worst shrinking. Some estimates suggest that the bank capital shortfall could be in range of $1 to $2 trillion, equivalent to a credit contraction of around 20-30% from previous levels. Proposed bank regulations, primarily the increased levels of capital and lower permitted leverage, will also affect the ability of the financial system to extend credit. The link between debt and economic growth is well established. The global economy probably needs around $4-5 of debt to create $1 of GDP growth.
IMF researchers Tamin Bayoumi and Ola Melander, in a study of the economic impacts of an adverse shock to bank capital ((2008) “Credit Matters: Empirical Evidence on US Macro-Financial Linkages” IMF Working Paper 08/169) found that in the US, a 1% point fall in Tier 1 risk-weighted capital ratios reduces real GDP by 1.5%. This means that global bank capital shortage may restrain credit creation thereby reducing economic activity and sustainable growth levels.
The impact of fiscal stimulus packages has been variable. In some jurisdictions, the payments have been saved or applied towards debt reduction rather than consumption. Targeted measures, such as the ‘cash for clunkers’ deals (cleverly packaged as ‘green’ environmental initiatives) have boosted immediate demand for cars but the long-term demand effects are unclear.
The multiplier effect of the fiscal initiatives is likely to be low. Major infrastructure initiatives will take time to implement. Few projects are ‘shovel ready’. The rate of return on government spending programmes, some of which are politically motivated, is unclear. Government spending increasing capacity is likely to create problems in a world where many industries are operating with surplus capacity. Government bailout packages for various industries, such as the auto and housing industries, however well intentioned, are delaying much needed capacity adjustments and risk prolonging the problems.
In reality, the global economy has, in all probability, entered a period of stability after a fairly big decline. Market sentiment seems to be shaped less by facts than the Doors’ song: “I’ve been down for so long, it feels like up to me.”


A number of economists and financial market experts have been saying that Chinese demand will turn the world economy around. What are your views?
The phoenix-like recovery in emerging markets and China is primarily driven by panicked government spending and loose monetary policies increasing available credit. Estimates suggest that around 6% of China’s growth of around 8% is attributable to government spending and increased bank lending.
The extraordinary increase in lending in China is fuelling unsustainable growth. In the first half of 2009, new loans totalled over $1 trillion. This compares to total loans for the full 2008 year of around $600 billion. Current lending is running at around three times 2008 levels and at a staggering 25% of China’s GDP. The combination of government spending and bank loans has resulted in sharp increases in fixed asset investments (over 30% up on 2008). Government incentives, in the form of rebates for purchases of high value durables such as cars and white goods, have also increased consumption (up 15% on 2008). Even Chinese government officials have admitted that the recovery is “unbalanced”.
The increase in industrial production in the absence of real end demand for products could result in a rapid build up in inventory. The availability of credit is also fuelling rampant speculation in stocks, property and commodities. Estimates suggest that around 20-30% of new bank lending is finding it way into the stock market, in part driving up values.
The recovery in emerging markets has, in turn, underpinned the recovery in commodity prices and economies dependent on natural resources. A significant part of this is inventory restocking but there is a speculative element. Availability of abundant and low cost bank finance combined with a deep seated fear of the long-term prospects of US Treasury bonds and the dollar has encouraged speculative stockpiling of certain commodities artificially boosting demand.There is a lot of government spending and
currency printing happening across the world.

Is this the solution? 
You are right. Much of the recovery has been underwritten by massive government spending. A key risk remains the ability of governments to finance their burgeoning government deficits. A wretched combination of declining tax revenues, increased government spending to cushion the economy from recession and bailout packages for banks and other ‘worthies’ means that many countries face large and continuing budget deficits.
Even countries with relatively healthy ‘balance sheets’, such as Australia, do not anticipate balancing their books for many years. If the problems of an ageing population and unfunded liabilities such as public sector pensions, healthcare and social security arrangements are included, then the budgetary position looks considerably worse.
In 2009, total sovereign debt issues are expected to total over $5 trillion, of which the US alone will need to finance around $3 trillion. The increases in sovereign debt issuance are astonishing — US around 300%, UK over 400%, Eurozone around 50%. Government debt-to-GDP ratios for many developed countries are projected to reach and remain at levels in excess of 100%.
Overall government deficits in major economies through the recession are estimated to total around $10 trillion (around 27% of GDP of these economies). The work of economists Kenneth Rogoff and Carmen Reinhart on previous recessions suggests that the deficit estimates are conservative and the amount that will need to be financed will be between $15 trillion (40% of GDP) and $33 trillion (86% of GDP). As a comparison, the total amount of global investment assets under management, according to one estimate, is around $120 trillion. This provides some idea of the funding task ahead.
Long-term interest rates have risen sharply reflecting supply pressures. The US 30 year rate has increased by around 1.50% per annum. since the start of 2009. Maturities have also shortened increasing the re-financing challenges ahead. Participation of central banks in the US and the UK bonds, under their quantitative easing mandates, has helped keep interest rate rises down creating a somewhat artificial market.
A key issue over the coming months is the continued demand for increased sovereign debt issues. China, Japan and Europe historically have been major buyers of US Treasury bonds. As their own fiscal position changes and their current account surplus shrinks, the ability of these investors to absorb the increased supply is unclear. China’s foreign exchange reserves are growing more slowly than before. China has continued to purchase US Treasury bonds but some purchases represents a switch from US Agency paper. As the US has increased its issuance programme, China’s purchases are now a smaller portion of the total.
In the best case, the government debt issuance programme is accommodated but squeezes out other borrowers. In the worst case, governments find themselves unable to finance their deficits, setting off a new stage of the GFC.
As one anonymous saying goes: “Never in the history of the world has there been a situation so bad that the government can’t make it worse.”

Stock markets in emerging markets have been going up for the last few months. Are the stock market rallies because of all this money finding its way to various parts of the world? How do you see this playing out?
I think the current price levels have been driven by massive liquidity creation and short-term capital flows. The price rise in emerging market shares, debt and currencies reflects a blind belief that anywhere must be safer and more promising than the US, Japan or Europe.
This misses the point that these markets have a strong trading and export orientation or are external capital dependent. While some have bright long-term futures, they will need to make difficult and slow adjustments to their growth models to return to trend growth. The adjustments are not being made.
It will be interesting to see whether current price levels can be justified by fundamentals such as earnings and growth over the next few years. Benjamin Graham, Warren Buffett’s teacher, used to say, “In the short run, the market is a voting machine, but in the long run, it is a weighing machine.” At the moment, the voters are running the show.

What is your prognosis on India?
I think there are short-term risks, primarily in the funding of the deficit (both federal and state). It is useful to remember that India will need to raise money with deteriorating fundamentals and a weakening credit rating in a world where the amount of money available is shrinking. This will also restrict infrastructure developments, which the markets are relying on for the recovery. Many Indian companies with substantial debt will face challenging refinancing conditions.
Key reforms also have not and may not be undertaken. Reform of the public sector, the financial system and domestic saving markets, labour markets and specific industries is essential but I see no desire to take on vested interests. Without these fundamental changes, sustainable growth may be difficult to sustain. It is also unrealistic to think that countries like India and China will somehow stay the beacons of growth in a world where overall growth levels are falling.

What steps are needed to put in place a financial and economic environment that creates good conditions for a turnaround?
In my view, there are three conditions for recovery. First, the financial system must be stabilised. This requires reducing the level of overall debt, recapitalising the banking system and getting the flow of credit to a sustainable level. Secondly, the real economy must stabilise. This includes stabilisation of asset (e.g. US housing) prices, arresting falls in demand, consumption, investment and a recovery of employment levels. Third, global trade and capital flows need to stabilise and fundamental global imbalances must be addressed.

Has there been any progress on these issues?
Belief in the recovery story and sharp financial market rallies fail to recognise that little has actually changed since the GFC began. Fundamental failures have not been fully addressed.
The required reduction in debt levels has not been completed. Increases in government debt have substantially offset reductions in private sector debt. Instead of dealing with the problem of leverage, the debt has also merely been rolled forward through a variety of clever warehousing structures and the manipulation of accounting rules.
As I said before, the real economy has slowed its rate of decline, but key indicators such as unemployment may not have peaked.
Any lasting solution to the GFC requires this imbalance to be dealt with. A key component of the GFC was the problem of debt-funded consumption by the US that allowed 5% of the global population to constitute 25% of its GDP, 15% of consumption and 48% of global current account deficit. Japan, China, Germany and the other savers funded this consumption.
The glib solution requires the US to save more and consume less and the savers to save less and consume more. The problems in implementing the solution are considerable. Timothy Geithner’s recent discussion with Chinese officials, to assure his hosts of the safety of their investments in dollars and US Treasury Bonds, reveals the dilemma.
On the one hand, America needs the Chinese to continue and increase their purchase of US government debt to finance its fiscal stimulus and bailouts. On the other hand, America needs China to cut the size of its current account surplus, boost government spending, encourage personal consumption and reduce savings. All this should also occur ideally without any major decline in the value of the dollar or US Treasury bonds or the need for China to liberalise its currency and open its capital account, allowing internationalisation of the Renminbi!
A cursory look at the respective economies highlights the magnitude of the task. Consumption’s contribution to GDP in the US is 71%, while in China it is 37%. Given that the GDP of China is around $4-5 trillion versus $15 trillion for the US and average income in China is around 10-15% of US earnings, the difficulty of using Chinese consumption to drive the global economy becomes apparent.
Additionally, over the last 25 years, Chinese consumption has declined from around 50% to it current levels of 37%. During that same period, Chinese savings have risen and exports have been the engine for growth. Given that a significant portion of exports is driven ultimately by American buyer, lower US growth and declining consumption creates significant challenges for China.
Dealing with these global imbalances has not been a high priority in the various summits, symposiums and talkfests that global leaders have shuttled to and from. The focus has been ‘NATO’ — no action talk only.
Reliance on Chinese foreign currency reserves is probably misplaced. Chinese reserves, a large proportion denominated in dollars, may have limited value. They cannot be effectively liquidated or mobilised without massive losses. Increasingly strident Chinese rhetoric about the safety of their dollar assets reflects this ‘panic’.
In reality, China is trying desperately to switch its reserves into real assets —— commodity or resource producers where foreign countries will allow. In the meantime, China continues to purchase more dollars and US Treasury bond to preserve the value of existing holdings in a surreal logic. On the other side, the US continues to seek to preserve the status of the dollar as the sole reserve currency (backed no longer by gold but by the 86th Airborne Division) in order to enable itself to finance itself.
In July 2009, at the G8 Summit in the earthquake damaged town of L’Aquila in Italy, Dai Bingguo, Chinese state councillor, was openly critical of the dominant role of the US dollar as a global reserve currency: “We should have a better system for reserve currency issuance and regulation, so that we can maintain relative stability of major reserve currencies exchange rates and promote a diversified and rational international reserve currency system,”
Western leaders expressed concerns about even raising the issue fearing that discussion of long-term currency issues could undermine the recovery in markets and economies. Gordon Brown, Britain’s prime minister, spoke on behalf of the West: “We don’t want to give the impression that big change is around the corner and the present arrangements will be destabilised.”
No sustainable global recovery is likely without addressing the fundamental global imbalances that lie at the heart of the GFC. The markets ability to avoid consideration of these issues reflects Mark Twain’s observation: “Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge”.

What are the three biggest learnings for economists and economies from this financial crisis?
Firstly, the strong growth that the global economy has enjoyed has been driven by unsustainable levels of borrowing, unsustainable levels of emissions and pollution and accelerating consumption of scarce resources such as oil. Secondly, the ability of governments and central banks to control and “fine tune” the economy with a judicial mixture of monetary and fiscal policy is an illusion. We do not necessarily understand the workings and interactions of the global economy as well as we think. Thirdly, that there is always a day of reckoning and that we have to pay for everything at some stage of the cycle. We can’t defer this forever. This means we have to change our expectations and behaviours significantly going forward.
Interestingly, I don’t think any of these lessons have been learnt or even acknowledged. Actions to stabilise the global economy seem only to have created ‘new’ bubbles — in government debt and emerging markets. Government actions seem to be primarily designed to ensuring continuation of the Ponzi game. The only lesson learned is that no Ponzi game can ever be allowed to stop.
http://www.dnaindia.com/money/interview-no-ponzi-game-can-ever-be-allowed-to-stop-1280538

What’s oil got to do with the dollar and gold? -- Vivek Kaul

Late evening. A little drizzle. Me and her sitting on a bench overlooking the sea, under a single umbrella. “So?” she asked. “This is nice,” I replied.
Late evening. A little drizzle. Me and her sitting on a bench overlooking the sea, under a single umbrella. 
“So?” she asked. 
“This is nice,” I replied. 
“Nice? That’s all? You use the word nice whenever you don’t know what you want to say!” 
“Kind off.” 
“I am bored,” she said coyly. “Since you claim you can link anything to anything. Let’s play a game. I will come up with three words and you link them.” 
“Suits me.” 
“So my three words are dollar, oil and gold.” 
“You can’t think of anything but economics these days?” 
“Chickened out already?” 
“Not at all. But you should get ready to get back into history if you want to understand the link.” 
“Yeah I am ready.” 
“In the 1930s, Texas, the second largest American state, was producing so much oil that the price at times fell to as low as ten US cents a barrel (a barrel of oil is equal to around 159 litres). Now this was something that oil companies did not like. The Texas state government gave Texas Railroad Commission the power to regulate drilling of oil and thus set production levels. 

Once the commission could regulate the production level, it could regulate supply of oil and hence indirectly regulate the price of oil, as well. This price became to be known as the Texas price and over a period, the Texas price became the US price and the US price became the world price. This arrangement worked very well for the US companies, which till the 1950s produced nearly half of the world oil. Hope this part is clear?” I asked. 

“Yeah. Till now I have understood everything.” 
“In 1928, Saudi Arabia gave an exploration license to Standard Oil Company of California for around 35,000 gold sovereigns. The company stuck oil in 1937. After this, more and more companies stuck oil in the Middle East. In 1960, the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (Opec) was formed. Opec comprised largely of oil producing countries from the Middle East. It was formed so that the countries could take on the big international oil companies, who till then had been dictating terms. Juan Palo Perez Alfonso, the Venezuelan oil minister, was the brain behind Opec. And the irony was that he had studied the way the Texas Railroad commission works when he had been exiled to the US. He used the Texas model to establish Opec.” 

“You really seem to have history and economics all figured out,” she said. 
“Well with your increasing interest in economics, I need to be ready all the time,” I said. “Now let me explain a few things about the dollar. Between the end of World War II and August 15, 1971, the US dollar was pegged to gold, with one troy ounce of gold (around 31.1 grams) being worth $35. Meaning, the US was ready to convert dollars to gold at any point of time. This ensured the dollar became the international reserve currency with other countries carrying out trade with each other in dollars because it was convertible into gold.  All this led to a lot of dollar pile-ups  across the world. Also, the US itself printed a lot of dollars to bankroll the Cold War and the Vietnam War. 

This led to a situation where more and more countries started to exchange their dollars for gold. The amount of gold that the US government had was not infinite. So, on August 15, 1971 then-President Richard Nixon decided the US would no longer convert dollars into gold.” 

“Aren’t you deviating from the point? Where is the link?” she interrupted. “Have some patience my dear. Till August 15, 1971, the US dollar was essentially gold. After that, it became a concept, an idea or just a piece of plain paper which had the backing of the world’s biggest superpower nation. 

Also, during the first decade, Opec was not successful at doing what it was established to do. Between June 5 and 10, 1967, the Six-Day War broke out between Israel on one side and Egypt, Jordan and Syria on the other side. At that point, Opec had cut production by 1.5 million barrels, primarily to punish the US which was an ally of Israel. The production cut hardly mattered, because the US started to pump oil from its spare production capacity. 

Oil production in the US peaked in 1970, and has been going downhill since then. At the same time, the American addiction to oil has been on its way up. In October 1973, Egypt and Syria went to war with Israel. This war came to be known as the Yom Kippur War. Opec, knowing well that America’s oil production had peaked, imposed an oil embargo. From October to December the Opec price of oil increased from $2.20 per barrel to $11.65 per barrel. Why do you think Opec had the audacity to do that?” 

“Because, as far as I can see from what you said, oil production in the US had peaked in 1970. So the US did not have any spare capacity to pump up production and meet the shortfall from Opec’s cut in production. And given America’s addiction to oil, they had to pay the price Opec demanded.” 

“That’s right to an extent. The global demand for oil had gone up from 3.7 million barrels per day (mbpd) in 1950, to 25.6 mbpd in 1970. So, an increase in demand was a definite reason for demanding a higher price. But what one must remember is that by taking dollar off from the gold standard, the US had the ability to print as many dollars as they wanted to, as they did not have to bother about having to face the risk of converting those dollars into gold. 

And given their addiction to the so-called American way of life, they would print as many dollars as required to pay Opec’s price. Opec of course, understood this. If what you are earning is paper, then you’d rather have more of it than less of it. Once the US was ready to pay, the rest of the world followed.”
“Interesting. What happened after that?” 

“Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran, was overthrown by Ayatollah Khomeni on February 11, 1979. By May 14, 1979, the Opec price was at $13.34 per barrel. Oil till then was sold under long-term contracts. There was turmoil in Iran, causing its oil production to fall dramatically. This sent the spot price of oil through the roof, as Iran is the second-largest producer of oil within Opec after Saudi Arabia.” 
“Spot price?” 

“The day-to-day purchase market for oil was at Rotterdam in The Netherlands. Here, the price of oil shot up from $13.34 per barrel on May 15 to $34 per barrel on May 17. Iran cashed in on this and sold off their oil at the spot market. Soon, other Opec members followed. The spot price reached $40 per barrel and Opec raised its price to the same level. Opec again cashed in on the America’s addiction to oil and the fact that it could print as many dollars as it wanted to buy oil. With an increase in price, the inflow of dollars for the Opec nations shot up. Saudi Arabia and some other Opec countries started to use these dollars to buy gold and the price of gold also shot up through the roof, going from $258 per ounce in May 1979 to $678 per ounce in 1980.”
“But all that is history. What is the learning in the present day and context?” 

“Well. I thought you would have got the point already. The price of oil fell to a low of around $30 a barrel, as economies all over the world crashed, reducing prospective demand for oil. But since then, the price of oil has been rising again and has risen to $60 a barrel. Opec of course understands that America can just print dollars to buy oil, as long as the international market for oil continues to be priced in dollars. Given that, why not have more dollars than less? 

So, production of oil by Opec members has been adjusted accordingly to ensure a good price. Other than this, if Opec countries start buying gold with the dollars that they are earning — as they have in the past — imagine what would happen to the price of gold.” 

“But how can you be so sure?” she asked. “Sure? In life, decisions are based on two kinds of guesses we make: wild guesses and educated guesses. I’d like to believe I’m making an educated guess!” 
(The example is hypothetical)
http://www.dnaindia.com/money/comment-what-s-oil-got-to-do-with-the-dollar-and-gold-1276421


āŠ–āŠ—ોāŠģāŠĩિāŠĶો āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ°āŠđāŠļ્āŠŊāŠĻું āŠ•ોāŠ•āŠĄું: āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ• āŠāŠĻāŠ°્āŠœી --- āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄ āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķāŠĻ - āŠĄૉ. āŠœે. āŠœે. āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠē

http://www.bombaysamachar.com/frmStoryShow.aspx?sNo=133881

āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļે āŠ‰āŠœāŠģી āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ°ાāŠĪે āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•. āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠ…āŠŽāŠœો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ…āŠŽāŠœો āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻીāŠ“ (āŠēāŠŦāŠđāŠŦāŠĄ્āŠĒāŠķāŠŊāŠĪ) āŠ›ે, āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠ…āŠŽāŠœો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ…āŠŽāŠœો āŠĪાāŠ°ા (āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊો) āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠŪ āŠ›āŠĪાં āŠķા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩીāŠĻી āŠāŠ• āŠŽાāŠœુāŠ āŠ…āŠœāŠĩાāŠģું āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŽીāŠœી āŠŽાāŠœુāŠ āŠ…ંāŠ§ાāŠ°ું āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે?

āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĨāŠŪ āŠĪો āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે āŠ āŠĩાāŠĪāŠĻી āŠ–āŠŽāŠ° āŠđોāŠĩી āŠœોāŠˆāŠ āŠ•ે āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩીāŠĻે āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠŪંāŠĄāŠģ āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠĨી āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠœ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĩેāŠķે āŠ›ે āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠĪેāŠĻું āŠĩિāŠ•િāŠ°āŠĢ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪેāŠĨી āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊāŠĻી āŠđાāŠœāŠ°ીāŠŪાં āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩીāŠĻા āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠŪંāŠĄāŠģāŠŪાં āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠāŠģāŠđāŠģે āŠ›ે āŠœેāŠĻે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļ āŠ•āŠđીāŠ āŠ›ીāŠ. āŠ°ાāŠĪે āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠ āŠŽાāŠœુāŠ āŠđોāŠĪો āŠĻāŠĨી āŠĪેāŠĨી āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩીāŠĻા āŠĪે āŠ­ાāŠ—āŠŪાં āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠŪંāŠĄāŠģ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠœ āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĪે āŠāŠģāŠđāŠģāŠĪું āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠœો āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩીāŠĻે āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠŪંāŠĄāŠģ āŠĻ āŠđોāŠĪ āŠĪો āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠĶેāŠ–ાāŠĪ. āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠ•ાāŠģુ āŠ§āŠŽ āŠœેāŠĩું āŠēાāŠ—āŠĪ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļે āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠĩāŠš્āŠšે āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠĩિāŠđાāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪાં āŠĶેāŠ–ાāŠĪ. āŠ†āŠĩી āŠŠāŠ°િāŠļ્āŠĨિāŠĪિ āŠšંāŠĶ્āŠ° āŠŠāŠ° āŠ…āŠĻે āŠēāŠ˜ુāŠ—્āŠ°āŠđો āŠŠāŠ° āŠ›ે.

āŠŠૂāŠ°ાં āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠļિāŠĩાāŠŊ āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪુ āŠļ્āŠĩāŠŊંāŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķિāŠĪ āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđો, āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ—્āŠ°āŠđો, āŠēāŠ˜ુāŠ—્āŠ°āŠđો, āŠ§ૂāŠŪāŠ•ેāŠĪુāŠ“ āŠ† āŠŽāŠ§ાં āŠœ āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠŠિંāŠĄો āŠļ્āŠĩāŠŊંāŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķિāŠĪ āŠĻāŠĨી, āŠĪે āŠŠāŠ°āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķિāŠĪ āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠŠāŠ° āŠœો āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠŠāŠĄે āŠĪો āŠœ āŠĪે āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻે āŠĶૃāŠķ્āŠŊāŠŪાāŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠŽāŠ§ા āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠŠિંāŠĄો āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻી āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠŪેāŠŸāŠ°āŠĻો āŠ­ાāŠ— āŠ›ે. āŠœો āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠļ્āŠĩāŠŊંāŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķિāŠĪ āŠ•ે āŠŠāŠ°āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķિāŠĪ āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪુāŠŪાંāŠĨી āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠ†āŠĩે āŠĻāŠđીં āŠ…āŠĨāŠĩા āŠ†āŠĩāŠĪો āŠđોāŠŊ āŠĪો āŠŠāŠĢ āŠœો āŠĪે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠļુāŠ§ી āŠŠāŠđોંāŠšે āŠĻāŠđીં āŠĪો āŠĪે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે āŠ āŠĶૃāŠķ્āŠŊāŠŪાāŠĻ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠĻāŠđીં.

āŠĪાāŠ°ાāŠĻે āŠ•ે āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻીāŠĻા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķāŠĻે āŠ•ે āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĻા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķāŠĻી āŠ—āŠĪિ āŠ…āŠļીāŠŪિāŠĪ (āŠķāŠ•્āŠ·āŠ°āŠķāŠ•્āŠ·āŠķāŠŊિં) āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠĪે āŠļીāŠŪિāŠĪ (āŠ°āŠķāŠ•્āŠ·āŠķāŠŊિં) āŠ›ે. āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķીāŠŠિંāŠĄ āŠ•ે āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠŠāŠĢ āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪુāŠŪાંāŠĨી āŠĻીāŠ•āŠģāŠĪો āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠĪેāŠĻાāŠĨી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠ…ંāŠĪāŠ° āŠŠāŠ° āŠ†āŠ§ાāŠ°િāŠĪ āŠĪ્āŠŊાંāŠĨી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠļુāŠ§ી āŠŠāŠđોંāŠšāŠĩા āŠļāŠŪāŠŊ āŠēે āŠ›ે. āŠ…ંāŠĪāŠ°ીāŠ•્āŠ·āŠŪાં āŠ•ે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠļુāŠ§ી āŠĪેāŠĻો āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠĪāŠ°āŠĪ āŠœ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠļુāŠ§ી āŠŠāŠđોંāŠšāŠĪો āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠĪે āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠ…ંāŠĪāŠ° āŠŠāŠ° āŠ†āŠ§ાāŠ°િāŠĪ āŠ…ંāŠĪāŠ°િāŠ•્āŠ·āŠŪાં āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĩાāŠļ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩા āŠļāŠŪāŠŊ āŠēે āŠ›ે. āŠ•ેāŠŸāŠēાāŠ• āŠļ્āŠĩāŠŊંāŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķિāŠĪ āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķીāŠŠિંāŠĄો āŠĪો āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢાāŠĨી āŠāŠŸāŠēા āŠĶૂāŠ° āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠĪેāŠĻો āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠđāŠœુ āŠļુāŠ§ી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠļુāŠ§ી āŠŠāŠđોંāŠš્āŠŊો āŠœ āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĻી āŠ āŠœāŠ—્āŠŊા āŠ•ાāŠģી āŠ§āŠŽ āŠēાāŠ—ે āŠ›ે. āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ…āŠŽāŠœો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ…āŠŽāŠœો āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻીāŠ“ āŠđોāŠĩા āŠ›āŠĪાં āŠ°ાāŠĪ્āŠ°િ- āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠ•ાāŠģુ āŠ§āŠŽ āŠēાāŠ—ે āŠ›ે. āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄ āŠœો āŠ…āŠļીāŠŪિāŠĪ āŠđોāŠĪ āŠĪો āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠ…āŠļીāŠŪિāŠĪ āŠœāŠ—્āŠŊાāŠ āŠļૂāŠ•્āŠ·્āŠŪ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠđોāŠĪ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪે āŠŽāŠ§ો āŠŪāŠģી āŠĩāŠģી āŠŠાāŠ›ો āŠ…āŠļીāŠŪિāŠĪ āŠŽāŠĻāŠĪ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻે āŠāŠģāŠđāŠģāŠĪા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķāŠĨી āŠĶેāŠĶીāŠŠ્āŠŊāŠŪાāŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪ. āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢું āŠĶૃāŠķ્āŠŊ āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄ āŠĩિāŠ°ાāŠŸ āŠ…āŠĪિāŠĩિāŠđાāŠ° āŠ›ે āŠĪેāŠŪ āŠ›āŠĪાં āŠļીāŠŪિāŠĪ āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩāŠģી āŠŠાāŠ›ું āŠĪે āŠĩિāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ°āŠĪું āŠœાāŠŊ āŠ›ે āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĶૂāŠ°āŠĨી āŠ†āŠĩāŠĪો āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠ˜āŠĢી āŠŽāŠ§ી āŠĪીāŠĩ્āŠ°āŠĪા āŠ›ોāŠĄી āŠĶે āŠ›ે. āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ…āŠŽāŠœો āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ…āŠŽāŠœો āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻીāŠ“ āŠđોāŠĩા āŠ›āŠĪાં āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢું āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄ āŠ°ાāŠĪ્āŠ°ે āŠ˜āŠĢુંāŠ–āŠ°ું āŠ•ાāŠģું āŠēાāŠ—ે āŠ›ે. āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠŪેāŠŸāŠ° āŠŠોāŠĪે āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ• āŠ›ે (āŠļ્āŠĩāŠŊંāŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķિāŠĪ āŠĻāŠĨી) āŠ…āŠĻે āŠœે āŠŪેāŠŸāŠ° āŠļ્āŠĩāŠŊંāŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķિāŠĪ āŠ›ે āŠĪે āŠāŠŸāŠēી āŠŽāŠ§ી āŠĶૂāŠ° āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠĪેāŠĻો āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠļુāŠ§ી āŠđāŠœુ āŠļુāŠ§ી āŠŠāŠđોંāŠš્āŠŊો āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠĪે āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠĪે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠŪેāŠŸāŠ° āŠœ āŠ›ે.

āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠŪેāŠŸāŠ° āŠ–āŠ°ેāŠ–āŠ° āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ• āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ āŠĪો āŠĶૃāŠķ્āŠŊāŠŪાāŠĻ āŠĻāŠĨી āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠāŠĻું āŠĻાāŠŪ āŠāŠĩું āŠ°ાāŠ–્āŠŊું āŠ›ે. āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠŪેāŠŸāŠ° āŠ•ાāŠģાં āŠĻાāŠĢાં āŠœેāŠĩી āŠ›ે. āŠĪે āŠŽāŠ§ું āŠœ āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĪે āŠ•્āŠŊાંāŠŊ āŠđિāŠļાāŠŽāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩāŠĪી āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ‰āŠŦāŠļિ āŠģāŠŦિિંંāŠŊિ āŠķāŠĪ āŠ·ીāŠĪિં āŠđāŠķāŠļāŠŊ āŠ‡āŠđāŠŦāŠ­āŠļ āŠ–āŠœ્āŠžāŠ•્āŠ·āŠŊુ. āŠˆંāŠĪિં āŠŪāŠœ્āŠžāŠŊāŠĪ āŠŊāŠĶāŠŊિુ āŠĩિંāŠķāŠ•્āŠ·āŠē āŠđāŠķāŠļāŠŊ ૂāŠĩāŠķāŠŊિં āŠģāŠœ્āŠžāŠ•્āŠ·āŠŊુ. āŠŽીિં āŠ­āŠŦāŠ•્āŠ·āŠ•્āŠ·āŠœ્āŠžિં āŠŽāŠŊ āŠŦāŠ­āŠ­āŠœ્āŠžીāŠ•્āŠ·āŠŊિંāŠŪ āŠ°āŠœ્āŠžિ āŠķāŠ•્āŠ· ાāŠŦિāŠ­āŠķિંāŠ­āŠŊ, āŠŦāŠ­āŠ­āŠœ્āŠžીāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĪિં āŠŦāŠ•્āŠ·āŠŪ āŠ­āŠŦāŠđāŠ­ીāŠđāŠŦāŠķિંāŠœ્āŠžāŠ•્āŠ·.

āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊāŠĻા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ—āŠēીāŠŪાં āŠŽāŠ§ું āŠœ āŠĶેāŠ–ાāŠŊ āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ˜ોāŠ° āŠ…ંāŠ§ાāŠ°ી āŠ°ાāŠĪે āŠĪે āŠŽāŠ§ું āŠœ āŠĪ્āŠŊાં āŠđોāŠĩા āŠ›āŠĪાં āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĶેāŠ–ાāŠĪું āŠĻāŠĨી, āŠĪેāŠĩું āŠœ āŠ† āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠŪેāŠŸāŠ°āŠĻું āŠ›ે.

āŠēāŠ˜ુāŠ—્āŠ°āŠđો, āŠ§ૂāŠŪāŠ•ેāŠĪુāŠ“, āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđો, āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ—્āŠ°āŠđો, āŠ‰āŠē્āŠ•ાāŠ“, āŠŽ્āŠēેāŠ• āŠđોāŠē, āŠŽ્āŠēેāŠ• āŠĄāŠĩાāŠ°્āŠŦ āŠĩāŠ—ેāŠ°ેāŠŪાં āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻી āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠŪેāŠŸāŠ° āŠ›ે.

āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻી āŠŽીāŠœી āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠŪેāŠŸāŠ°āŠŪાં āŠĻ્āŠŊુāŠŸ્āŠ°ીāŠĻો āŠĻાāŠŪāŠĻાં āŠŠāŠĶાāŠ°્āŠĨāŠ•āŠĢો āŠ›ે, āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠĻા āŠĩાāŠĶāŠģો, āŠ°āŠœāŠ•āŠĢો āŠ­āŠ°ેāŠēાં āŠĩાāŠĶāŠģો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ• āŠĻેāŠŽ્āŠŊુāŠēા āŠ›ે. āŠđીāŠ—્āŠŪે-āŠēોāŠોāŠĻāŠĨી āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄ āŠ­āŠ°ેāŠēું āŠ›ે. āŠŠāŠ°્āŠœા āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ†āŠˆāŠĻ્āŠļ્āŠŸાāŠˆāŠĻāŠĻા āŠĻિāŠŊāŠŪ āŠŠ=āŠģāŠ­āŦĻ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŪાāŠĢે āŠŠāŠĶાāŠ°્āŠĨ āŠ›ે.

āŠđāŠ•ીāŠ•āŠĪāŠŪાં āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻીāŠ“, āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠĪો āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠŪેāŠŸāŠ° āŠ°ૂāŠŠી āŠŪāŠđાāŠļાāŠ—āŠ°āŠŪાં āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķિāŠĪ āŠļ્āŠŠોāŠŸ āŠ›ે. āŠ…ંāŠĪāŠ°િāŠ•્āŠ· āŠŠોāŠĪે āŠœ āŠŠāŠ°્āŠœા āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪેāŠĨી āŠŠāŠĶાāŠ°્āŠĨ āŠ›ે. āŠŠāŠ°્āŠœાāŠĻું āŠ—āŠ āŠĻ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠŠāŠĶાāŠ°્āŠĨ āŠŽāŠĻે āŠ›ે. āŠœો āŠ† āŠŠāŠĶાāŠ°્āŠĨ āŠĩāŠ§ાāŠ°ે āŠđોāŠŊ āŠĪો āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠ—ુāŠ°ૂāŠĪ્āŠĩાāŠ•āŠ°્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠ­āŠŊંāŠ•āŠ° āŠ‰āŠ·્āŠĢāŠĪાāŠŪાāŠĻ āŠ‰āŠĪ્āŠŠāŠĻ્āŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે, āŠ­ંāŠŊāŠ•āŠ° āŠ—āŠ°āŠŪી āŠ‰āŠĪ્āŠŠāŠĻ્āŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠĻું āŠ•ે āŠŠāŠĶાāŠ°્āŠĨāŠĻું āŠ­āŠŊંāŠ•āŠ° āŠĶāŠŽાāŠĢ āŠ‰āŠĪ્āŠŠāŠĻ્āŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે āŠœે āŠŠāŠĶાāŠ°્āŠĨāŠĻે āŠļ્āŠĩāŠŊંāŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķિāŠĪ āŠŽāŠĻાāŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠĪેāŠĨી āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķિāŠĪ āŠŠāŠĶાāŠ°્āŠĨ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪાં āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠŪેāŠŸāŠ° āŠĩāŠ§ાāŠ°ે āŠ›ે.

āŠ†ંāŠ– āŠĪો āŠāŠ• āŠļાāŠ§āŠĻ āŠ›ે. āŠœો āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠŠāŠ° āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠŠāŠĄે āŠĪો āŠœ āŠĪે āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪુāŠĻે āŠœુāŠ āŠ›ે. āŠĪે āŠļ્āŠĩāŠŊં āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪુāŠĻે āŠœોāŠĪી āŠĻāŠĨી, āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻે āŠœોāŠĩા āŠ†ંāŠ– āŠ†āŠĩāŠķ્āŠŊāŠ• āŠ›ે. āŠ†ંāŠ– āŠĻ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠĪો āŠĶૃāŠķ્āŠŊāŠŪાāŠĻ āŠ•ે āŠ…āŠĶૃāŠķ્āŠŊ āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠŦāŠ°āŠ• āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠĪે āŠāŠ• āŠļેāŠĻ્āŠļāŠ° āŠ›ે āŠœે āŠĶૃāŠķ્āŠŊ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠœ āŠœોāŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠ•ેāŠŸāŠēીāŠŊે āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĻા āŠ›ે. āŠ…āŠē્āŠŸ્āŠ°ાāŠĩાāŠŊોāŠēેāŠŸ, āŠ—ાāŠŪા, āŠˆāŠĻ્āŠŦ્āŠ°ાāŠ°ેāŠĄ, āŠ°ેāŠĄિāŠ“, āŠŪાāŠˆāŠ•્āŠ°ોāŠĩેāŠĩ્āŠ, āŠāŠ•્āŠ·-āŠ°ે āŠŊા āŠŽāŠ§ા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķāŠĻે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ†ંāŠ– āŠœોāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•āŠĪી āŠĻāŠĨી.

āŠœāŠ—āŠĪāŠŪાં āŠāŠĩા āŠŠ્āŠ°ાāŠĢીāŠ“ āŠ›ે āŠœે āŠ† āŠŽāŠ§ા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķāŠŪાં āŠœોāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠĨી āŠ°ાāŠĪે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĪે āŠœોāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે.

āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪāŠŪાં āŠŽીāŠœા āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđ āŠŠāŠ° āŠāŠĩું āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠđોāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે āŠœે āŠĶૃāŠķ્āŠŊ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķāŠŪાં āŠ†ંāŠ§āŠģું āŠđોāŠŊ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŽીāŠœા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĻા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķāŠŪાં āŠĪે āŠœોāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે. āŠ•āŠđે āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠ˜ુāŠĩāŠĄ āŠ°ાāŠĪે āŠœોāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠĻિāŠķાāŠšāŠ°ો āŠ°ાāŠĪે āŠ…ંāŠ§ાāŠ°ાāŠŪાં āŠœોāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે.

āŠŪાāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠ†ંāŠ– āŠœ āŠœોāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે āŠāŠĩું āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠšાāŠŪāŠĄી, āŠĻાāŠ•, āŠ•ાāŠĻ āŠĩāŠ—ેāŠ°ે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠāŠ• āŠœાāŠĪāŠĻી āŠ†ંāŠ– āŠ•ે āŠļેāŠĻ્āŠļāŠ° āŠ›ે āŠœે āŠŽીāŠœી āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠœોāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠŽāŠ§ા āŠđāŠ•ીāŠ•āŠĪāŠŪાં āŠĩૈāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻિāŠ• āŠ­ાāŠ·ાāŠŪાં āŠļેāŠĻ્āŠļāŠ° āŠ›ે.

āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ†ંāŠ– āŠœોāŠˆ āŠĻ āŠķāŠ•ે, āŠĶૃāŠķ્āŠŊ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķāŠĻી āŠĪāŠ°ંāŠ— āŠēંāŠŽાāŠˆāŠŪાં āŠœે āŠĻ āŠ†āŠĩે āŠĪે āŠŽāŠ§ી āŠœ āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪુ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠŪેāŠŸāŠ° āŠ›ે. āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠāŠĩા āŠ•ેāŠŸāŠēાāŠŊ āŠŠāŠĶાāŠ°્āŠĨāŠ•āŠĢો āŠ›ે āŠœેāŠĻે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠœોāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•āŠĪા āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ†āŠĩા āŠŽāŠ§ાં āŠœ āŠŠāŠĶાāŠ°્āŠĨāŠ•āŠĢો āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠŪેāŠŸāŠ°āŠĻો āŠ­ાāŠ— āŠ—āŠĢાāŠŊ. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠŠુāŠ°ાāŠĢોāŠĻા āŠ•ાāŠģીāŠŪાāŠĪા āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠŪેāŠŸāŠ°āŠĻો āŠ…āŠĩāŠĪાāŠ° āŠ•āŠđી āŠķāŠ•ાāŠŊ.

āŠđāŠĩે āŠ–āŠ—ોāŠģāŠĩિāŠĶો āŠŪાāŠĻે āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠāŠĻāŠ°્āŠœી āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠāŠĻāŠ°્āŠœી āŠĶેāŠ–ાāŠĪી āŠĻāŠĨી āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠĄāŠāŠĻāŠ°્āŠœી āŠ•āŠđે āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ āŠāŠ• āŠļિāŠŪ્āŠŽોāŠēિāŠ• āŠ›ે. āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ• āŠāŠĻāŠ°્āŠœી āŠ–āŠ°ેāŠ–āŠ° āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠĄ āŠĻāŠĨી āŠđોāŠĪી. āŠ–āŠ—ોāŠģāŠĩિāŠĶો āŠŪાāŠĻે āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠ† āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠāŠĻāŠ°્āŠœીāŠĻી āŠĪીāŠĩ્āŠ°āŠĪા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ­ાāŠĩ āŠāŠŸāŠēો āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠĪે āŠŪોāŠŸી āŠŪોāŠŸી āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻીāŠ“āŠĻે āŠ˜ુāŠŪાāŠĩે āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĶોāŠĄાāŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄ āŠđāŠ•ીāŠ•āŠĪāŠŪાં āŠķું āŠ›ે āŠĪે āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠĻે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ–āŠŽāŠ° āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠŪેāŠŸāŠ° āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠāŠĻāŠ°્āŠœી āŠ–āŠ—ોāŠģāŠĩિāŠĶોāŠĻે āŠļāŠŪāŠœાāŠķે āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻું āŠ–ૂāŠŽ āŠœ āŠ—ૂāŠĒ āŠ°āŠđāŠļ્āŠŊ āŠ›āŠĪું āŠĨāŠķે. āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ• āŠāŠĻāŠ°્āŠœી āŠŠોāŠĪે āŠœ āŠ•āŠĶાāŠš āŠˆāŠķ્āŠ°્āŠĩāŠ° āŠ›ે āŠœે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻે āŠĻāŠšાāŠĩે āŠ›ે, āŠĻāŠŸāŠ°ાāŠœ āŠĪેāŠĻું āŠļિāŠŪ્āŠŽોāŠē āŠ›ે. āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪીāŠŊોāŠĻી āŠŠ્āŠ°ાāŠšીāŠĻ āŠĩિāŠšાāŠ°āŠ§ાāŠ°ા āŠ˜āŠĢી āŠ°āŠđāŠļ્āŠŊāŠŪāŠŊ āŠ›ે, āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠļાāŠŽિāŠĪ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ાāŠŊ āŠĪેāŠŪ āŠĻāŠĨી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ—ેāŠ°āŠļાāŠŽિāŠĪ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ાāŠŊ āŠĪેāŠŪ āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ•āŠŪેāŠŸāŠ° āŠ•ે āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ• āŠāŠ°્āŠĻ્āŠœીāŠĻો āŠŠāŠĪ્āŠĪો āŠēાāŠ—āŠķે āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠĪે āŠĄાāŠ°્āŠ• āŠĻāŠđીં āŠ°āŠđે, āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠŽ્āŠ°ાāŠˆāŠŸ āŠĨāŠˆ āŠœāŠķે. āŠ–ાāŠēીāŠ–āŠŪ āŠēાāŠ—āŠĪા āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻી āŠ­ીāŠĪāŠ°āŠŪાં āŠķું āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠĻે āŠœ āŠ•ાંāŠˆ āŠ–āŠŽāŠ° āŠĻāŠĨી.

āŠķું āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠāŠ•āŠēા āŠ›ીāŠ? --- āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄ āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķāŠĻ - āŠĄૉ. āŠœે. āŠœે. āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠē

āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠŠāŠ° āŠœાāŠĪāŠœાāŠĪāŠĻું āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠ›ે. āŠĶāŠ°ેāŠ• āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻāŠĻે āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻી āŠķોāŠ­ા āŠ›ે. āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠ• āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે āŠ•āŠĶāŠ°ૂāŠŠું āŠēાāŠ—ે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĪે āŠđāŠ•ીāŠ•āŠĪāŠŪાં āŠ•āŠĶāŠ°ૂāŠŠું āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠĪે āŠ•ુāŠĶāŠ°āŠĪāŠĻું āŠļāŠ°્āŠœāŠĻ āŠ›ે. āŠœાāŠĪāŠœાāŠĪāŠĻાં āŠŦāŠģો, āŠŦૂāŠēો, āŠĩૃāŠ•્āŠ·ો āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠŠāŠ° āŠ›ે. āŠ—āŠĢ્āŠŊા āŠ—āŠĢાāŠŊ āŠĻāŠđીં, āŠĩીāŠĢ્āŠŊા āŠĩીāŠĢાāŠŊ āŠĻāŠđીં āŠĪોāŠŊ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ›ાāŠŽāŠĄી (āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી)āŠŪાં āŠŪાāŠŊ. āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠŠāŠ° āŠāŠĩું āŠ•ેāŠŸāŠēુંāŠŊ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠđāŠķે āŠœેāŠĻી āŠđāŠœી āŠļુāŠ§ી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે āŠœાāŠĢ āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠāŠĩી āŠœāŠĄી-āŠŽુāŠŸ્āŠŸી āŠđāŠķે āŠœેāŠĻી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે āŠœાāŠĢ āŠĻāŠĨી, āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠŠāŠ° āŠŠāŠđાāŠĄોāŠĻી āŠ–ીāŠĢોāŠŪાં āŠŪāŠđાāŠļાāŠ—āŠ°āŠĻા āŠĪāŠģિāŠŊે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŽāŠ–ોāŠēāŠŪાં āŠ•ેāŠŸāŠēુંāŠŊ āŠāŠĩું āŠ…āŠœાāŠĢ્āŠŊું āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠđāŠķે āŠœેāŠĻી āŠđāŠœુ āŠļુāŠ§ી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે āŠœાāŠĢ āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ•ેāŠŸāŠēીāŠŊ āŠœાāŠĪāŠĻા āŠŽેāŠ•āŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊા āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠŠāŠ° āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ…ંāŠĪāŠ°ીāŠ•્āŠ·āŠŪાં āŠđāŠķે āŠœેāŠĻી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે āŠœાāŠĢ āŠĻāŠĨી.

āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻāŠĻા āŠŪુāŠ–્āŠŊ āŠ•્āŠ°āŠŪ āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪે, āŠŪોāŠŸું āŠĨાāŠŊ, āŠĩાāŠ°āŠļāŠĶાāŠ° āŠ‰āŠĪ્āŠŠāŠĻ્āŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુāŠĻે āŠķāŠ°āŠĢ āŠĨાāŠŊ. āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĩા āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĻા āŠ–ોāŠ°ાāŠ•āŠĻી āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ° āŠŠāŠĄે, āŠķ્āŠ°્āŠĩાāŠļોāŠš્āŠ›્āŠĩાāŠļ āŠēેāŠĩો āŠŠāŠĄે. āŠŠāŠĨ્āŠĨāŠ° āŠŠāŠĢ āŠķ્āŠ°્āŠĩાāŠļોāŠš્āŠ›્āŠĩાāŠļ āŠēે āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠŠāŠ° āŠ°ંāŠ— āŠŪાāŠ°ો, āŠŠેāŠˆāŠĻ્āŠŸ āŠēāŠ—ાāŠĩો āŠĪો āŠĪે āŠŽāŠ°ાāŠŽāŠ° āŠķ્āŠ°્āŠĩાāŠļ āŠĻ āŠēāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ•ાāŠģāŠ•્āŠ°āŠŪે āŠ—ૂંāŠ—āŠģાāŠˆ āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુ āŠŠાāŠŪે. āŠļāŠ°્āŠœāŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩિāŠĻાāŠķāŠĻો āŠ•્āŠ°āŠŪ āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠšાāŠē્āŠŊા āŠœ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે, āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠ—āŠŪે āŠĪે āŠđોāŠŊ. āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠ•ાંāŠˆ āŠœ āŠķાāŠķ્āŠ°્āŠĩāŠĪ āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄ āŠŠોāŠĪે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠķાāŠķ્āŠ°્āŠĩāŠĪ āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુāŠĻું āŠŽંāŠ§āŠĻ āŠ›ે āŠĪે āŠđāŠœુ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે āŠ–āŠŽāŠ° āŠĻāŠĨી āŠŠāŠĄāŠĪી, āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŽાāŠ•ી āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻી āŠŽāŠ§ી āŠœ āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪુāŠĻે āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુ āŠ›ે. āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુ āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪુāŠŪાંāŠĻી āŠšેāŠĪāŠĻાāŠĻો āŠ…ંāŠĪ. āŠ† āŠšેāŠĪāŠĻા āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુ āŠŠાāŠŪāŠĪી āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠĪે āŠķાāŠķ્āŠ°્āŠĩāŠĪ āŠ›ે. āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻી āŠšેāŠĪāŠĻા āŠœ āŠķાāŠķ્āŠ°્āŠĩāŠĪ āŠ›ે. āŠ āŠšેāŠĪāŠĻા āŠŽāŠ§ાં āŠ˜āŠŸāŠŪાં āŠ›ે. āŠĪે āŠœાāŠŊ āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠ…āŠđીં āŠ˜āŠŸ āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ. āŠ† āŠœ āŠ…āŠ°્āŠĨāŠŪાં āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪાāŠ āŠ—ાāŠŊું āŠđāŠĪું āŠ•ે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪ āŠēāŠŸāŠ•ાં āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪ āŠŠાāŠļે. āŠ† āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪ āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠšેāŠĪāŠĻા.

āŠŠ્āŠ°ાāŠšીāŠĻ āŠļāŠŪāŠŊāŠŪાં āŠŪāŠĻાāŠĪું āŠ•ે āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠœ āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄ āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠ–āŠŽāŠ° āŠŠāŠĄી āŠ•ે āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠĪો āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊāŠĻો āŠŪાāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠāŠ• āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđ āŠœ āŠ›ે. āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠēોāŠ•ો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠĻો āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĪા āŠ•ે āŠŽીāŠœા āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđો āŠŠāŠ° āŠŠāŠĢ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠđોāŠĩું āŠœોāŠˆāŠ.

āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠ–āŠŽāŠ° āŠŠāŠĄી āŠ•ે āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠāŠ• āŠĪાāŠ°ો āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŽāŠ§ા āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊો āŠ›ે. āŠœો āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊāŠĻે āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđāŠŪાāŠģા āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠœેāŠĩો āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠŠāŠ° āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠĪો āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠœેāŠĩા āŠĪાāŠ°ાāŠĻી āŠŦāŠ°āŠĪે āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđāŠŪાāŠģા āŠđોāŠĩી āŠœોāŠˆāŠ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠœેāŠĩો āŠāŠ• āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđ āŠđોāŠĩો āŠœોāŠˆāŠ.

āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠ—ંāŠ—ાāŠŪાં āŠ•ેāŠŸāŠēા āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠ›ે? āŠŠāŦĶāŦĶ āŠ…āŠŽāŠœ. āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻીāŠ“āŠ āŠ…āŠ­્āŠŊાāŠļ āŠ•āŠ°ીāŠĻે āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķાāŠĩ્āŠŊું āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠŠāŦĶ āŠŸāŠ•ા āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠœેāŠĩા āŠ›ે. āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠ•ે āŠ°āŠŠāŦĶ āŠ…āŠŽāŠœ āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠœેāŠĩા āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠŪાંāŠĨી āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠŪાāŠĪ્āŠ° āŦ§āŦĶ āŠŸāŠ•ા āŠœ āŠēāŠˆāŠ āŠĪો āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠ—ંāŠ—ાāŠŪાં āŠœ āŠ°āŠŠ āŠ…āŠŽāŠœ āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊો āŠ›ે āŠœેāŠĻે āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđāŠŪાāŠģા āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠŠāŠ° āŠ›ે āŠĪેāŠĩા āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻāŠĩાāŠģો āŠāŠ• āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđ āŠđોāŠŊ. āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠ—ંāŠ—ાāŠŪાં āŠœ āŠ°āŠŠ āŠ…āŠŽāŠœ āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩીāŠ“ āŠđોāŠĩી āŠœોāŠˆāŠ āŠœ્āŠŊાં āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠļંāŠ­āŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ે.

āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠœāŠ—્āŠŊાāŠ āŠœāŠ—્āŠŊાāŠ āŠ›ે. āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻāŠĻો āŠĪોāŠŸો āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ āŠœે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ•ે āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĻી āŠ•્āŠ·āŠŪāŠĪા āŠĻāŠĨી āŠ•ે āŠđāŠœુ āŠļુāŠ§ી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĻે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪેāŠ“ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે āŠķોāŠ§ી āŠķāŠ•્āŠŊા āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠŠાāŠ›āŠģāŠĻું āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢ āŠ āŠĪાāŠ°ા (āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊો) āŠĩāŠš્āŠšેāŠĻું āŠĩિāŠķાāŠģ āŠ…ંāŠĪāŠ° āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠ•્āŠ·āŠŪāŠĪા āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢાāŠŪાં āŠ•ે āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĻાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩāŠķે āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે āŠŽીāŠœા āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻāŠĻો āŠļંāŠŠāŠ°્āŠ• āŠĨāŠķે. āŠ† āŠĪો āŠāŠĩું āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠŪુંāŠŽāŠˆāŠŪાં āŠŦāŠ°āŠĪી āŠ•ીāŠĄીāŠĻે āŠĻ્āŠŊુ āŠŊોāŠ°્āŠ•āŠŪાં āŠŦāŠ°āŠĪી āŠ•ીāŠĄી āŠĩિāŠ·ે āŠœાāŠĢ āŠ•ેāŠĩી āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠĨાāŠŊ? āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠ—ંāŠ—ા āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻી āŠœેāŠĻી āŠāŠ•-āŠŽે āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻીāŠ“ āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŦ§āŦĶāŦĶ āŠ…āŠŽāŠœ āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻીāŠ“ āŠ›ે. āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠŪાં āŠŠāŦĶāŦĶ āŠ…āŠŽāŠœ āŠĪો āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠŪાં āŦ§āŦĶāŦĶ āŠ…āŠŽāŠœ, āŠĪો āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠŪાંં āŠŠāŦĶ āŠ…āŠŽāŠœ āŠĪો āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠŪાં āŦ§āŦĶāŦĶāŦĶ āŠ…āŠŽāŠœ āŠ•ે āŠ°āŦĶāŦĶāŦĶ āŠ…āŠŽāŠœ āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠ›ે. āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠšુāŠ° āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŪાāŠĢāŠŪાં āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠ›ે. āŠ•ુāŠĶāŠ°āŠĪે āŠŪાāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠœ āŠ† āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄ, āŦ§āŦĶāŦĶ āŠ…āŠŽāŠœ āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻીāŠ“, āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠđāŠœાāŠ°ો āŠ…āŠŽāŠœ āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠŽāŠĻાāŠĩ્āŠŊા āŠĻāŠĨી.

āŠĪેāŠŪ āŠ›āŠĪાં āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄ āŠđોāŠĩું āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ°ી āŠ›ે. āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻીāŠ“ āŠđોāŠĩી āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ°ી āŠ›ે, āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻીāŠ“āŠŪાં āŠ…āŠŽāŠœો āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠđોāŠĩા āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ°ી āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠŦāŠ°āŠĪે āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđો āŠđોāŠĩા āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ°ી āŠ›ે. āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠœāŠˆāŠĻે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠ…āŠļ્āŠĪિāŠĪ્āŠĩāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻāŠĻે āŠ…āŠļ્āŠĪિāŠĪ્āŠĩāŠŪાં āŠēાāŠĩāŠĩા āŠ•ુāŠĶāŠ°āŠĪāŠĻે āŠ†āŠŸāŠēું āŠŽāŠ§ું āŠˆāŠĻ્āŠŦ્āŠ°ાāŠļ્āŠŸ્āŠ°āŠ•્āŠšāŠ° āŠĪૈāŠŊાāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩું āŠŠāŠĄે āŠ›ે, āŠĪૈāŠŊાāŠ°ી āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩી āŠŠāŠĄે āŠ›ે. āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠœāŠˆāŠĻે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠ‰āŠĪ્āŠŠāŠĻ્āŠĻ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠ˜āŠĢું āŠŪોંāŠ˜ું āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠĩેāŠĄāŠŦāŠĩું āŠœોāŠˆāŠ āŠĻāŠđીં.

āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻીāŠ“āŠĻે āŠĨāŠŊું āŠ•ે āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠœો āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊāŠĻો āŠŪાāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠāŠ• āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđ āŠœ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊāŠŪાāŠģાāŠŪાં āŠŽુāŠ§, āŠķુāŠ•્āŠ°, āŠŪંāŠ—āŠģ, āŠ—ુāŠ°ુ, āŠķāŠĻિ, āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđો āŠœ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠĪો āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠŠāŠ° āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠđોāŠĩું āŠœોāŠˆāŠ. āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĪેāŠ“āŠ āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊāŠŪાāŠģાāŠĻા āŠŽીāŠœા āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđોāŠĻો āŠ…āŠ­્āŠŊાāŠļ āŠķāŠ°ૂ āŠ•āŠ°્āŠŊો. āŠĶૂāŠ°āŠŽીāŠĻ āŠķોāŠ§ાāŠŊા āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠ† āŠ…āŠ­્āŠŊાāŠļ āŠĩāŠ§ાāŠ°ે āŠļāŠ°āŠļ āŠŽāŠĻ્āŠŊો.

āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠ›ે āŠĪો āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊો, āŠŠāŠĢ āŠāŠŸāŠēા āŠŽāŠ§ા āŠĶૂāŠ° āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠĪે āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķāŠŽિāŠĻ્āŠĶુ āŠœેāŠĩા āŠĶેāŠ–ાāŠŊ āŠ›ે, āŠĻāŠœીāŠ•āŠĻો āŠĪાāŠ°ો āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢાāŠĨી āŦŠāŦŦāŦĶāŦĶāŦĶ āŠ…āŠŽāŠœ āŠ•િāŠēોāŠŪીāŠŸāŠ° āŠĶૂāŠ° āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠŦāŠ°āŠĪે āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđો āŠđોāŠŊ āŠĪો āŠĪે āŠœોāŠĩા āŠ–āŠ°ેāŠ–āŠ° āŠŪુāŠķ્āŠ•ેāŠē āŠ›ે. āŠĪાāŠ°ાāŠĻી āŠŦāŠ°āŠĪે āŠŠāŠ°િāŠ•્āŠ°āŠŪા āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪો āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪાāŠ°ાāŠĻી āŠĩāŠš્āŠšે āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠĪે āŠļૂāŠ•્āŠ·્āŠŪāŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŪાāŠĢāŠŪાં āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĪાāŠ°ાāŠĻા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķāŠĻે āŠ…āŠĩāŠ°ોāŠ§ે āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠœાāŠĢી āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻીāŠ“ āŠĶૂāŠ°āŠĻા āŠĪાāŠ°ાāŠĻી āŠŦāŠ°āŠĪે āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđો āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠĻāŠđીં āŠĪે āŠķોāŠ§ે āŠ›ે. āŠđાāŠē āŠļુāŠ§ીāŠŪાં āŦ§āŦĶāŦĶāŦĶ āŠ†āŠĩા āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđો āŠŽીāŠœા āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠŦāŠ°āŠĪે āŠŠāŠ°િāŠ•્āŠ°āŠŪા āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪા āŠŪāŠģી āŠ†āŠĩ્āŠŊા āŠ›ે. āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĪેāŠŪાંāŠĻા āŦŊāŦŊ āŠŸāŠ•ા āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđો āŠ—ુāŠ°ુ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪાં āŠĶāŠķ-āŠĩીāŠļ āŠ—āŠĢા āŠļાāŠˆāŠāŠŪાં āŠŪોāŠŸા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĶāŠķ-āŠĩીāŠļ āŠ—āŠĢા āŠ­ાāŠ°ે āŠ›ે. āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠŠāŠ° āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠđોāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠļંāŠ­ાāŠĩāŠĻા āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠāŠĩા āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđો āŠ—ોāŠĪāŠĩા āŠœોāŠˆāŠ āŠœેāŠĻું āŠĩāŠœāŠĻ, āŠļાāŠˆāŠ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠŪંāŠĄāŠģ āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠœેāŠĩાં āŠđોāŠŊ āŠāŠŸāŠēું āŠœ āŠĻāŠđીં, āŠĪે āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠŠિāŠĪૃāŠĪાāŠ°ાāŠĨી āŠāŠĩા āŠ…ંāŠĪāŠ°ે āŠđોāŠĩા āŠœોāŠˆāŠ āŠ•ે āŠĪ્āŠŊાં āŠĩāŠ§ાāŠ°ે āŠ—āŠ°āŠŪી āŠĻ āŠŠāŠĄે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ ંāŠĄી āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĻ āŠŠāŠĄે. āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠ•ે āŠĪે āŠˆāŠ•ોāŠોāŠĻ, āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻāŠોāŠĻāŠŪાં āŠđોāŠĩા āŠœોāŠˆāŠ. āŠđાāŠēāŠŪાં āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻીāŠ“āŠĻે āŠŽે-āŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĢ āŠ†āŠĩા āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđ āŠŪāŠģ્āŠŊા āŠ›ે, āŠ–āŠ°ા āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĶૂāŠ°āŠĨી āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠŦāŠ°āŠĪે āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠŪંāŠĄāŠģ āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠĻāŠđીં, āŠŠાāŠĢી āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠĻāŠđીં āŠĪે āŠœાāŠĢāŠĩું āŠ…āŠ˜āŠ°ું āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠŪાāŠĻ્āŠŊāŠĪા āŠŪુāŠœāŠŽ āŠŠાāŠĢી āŠœ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠ›ે. āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŽāŠđાāŠ° āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠāŠĩું āŠŠāŠĢ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠœેāŠĻે āŠŠાāŠĢી āŠેāŠ° āŠēાāŠ—ે, āŠ“āŠ•્āŠļિāŠœāŠĻ āŠેāŠ°ી āŠĩાāŠŊુ āŠēાāŠ—ે. āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĻે āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŽāŠĻāŠĄાāŠŊોāŠ•્āŠļાāŠˆāŠĄ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻāŠĩાāŠŊુ āŠēાāŠ—ે. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢું āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠđાāŠˆāŠĄ્āŠ°ોāŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŽāŠĻ āŠŠāŠ° āŠ†āŠ§ાāŠ°િāŠĪ āŠ›ે. āŠ•્āŠŊાંāŠ• āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠāŠĩું āŠŠāŠĢ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠœે āŠļિāŠēિāŠ•ેāŠŸ (āŠ°ેāŠĪી) āŠŠāŠ° āŠ†āŠ§ાāŠ°િāŠĪ āŠđોāŠŊ. āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠāŠĩું āŠŠāŠĢ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠœેāŠĻો āŠ†āŠđાāŠ° āŠēોāŠ–ંāŠĄ āŠđોāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે.

āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđāŠŪાāŠģાāŠŪાં āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠŠāŠ° āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠ›ે, āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊāŠŪાāŠģાāŠĻો āŠāŠ• āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđ āŠœ āŠ›ે. āŠĪો āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊāŠŪાāŠģાāŠĻા āŠŽીāŠœા āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđો āŠŠāŠ° āŠŠāŠĢ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠđોāŠĩું āŠœોāŠˆāŠ. āŠŽુāŠ§, āŠķુāŠ•્āŠ°, āŠŪંāŠ—āŠģ, āŠ—ુāŠ°ુ, āŠķāŠĻિ, āŠŊુāŠ°ેāŠĻāŠļ, āŠĻેāŠŠāŠš્āŠŊૂāŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠ્āŠēુāŠŸો āŠŠāŠ° āŠŠāŠĢ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠđોāŠĩું āŠœોāŠˆāŠ. āŠĪેāŠĨી āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻીāŠ“āŠ āŠŪોāŠŸાં āŠŪોāŠŸાં āŠĶૂāŠ°āŠŽીāŠĻો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩિāŠĩિāŠ§ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĻાં āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ•āŠ°āŠĢોāŠĨી āŠ† āŠŽāŠ§ા āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđોāŠĻો āŠ…āŠ­્āŠŊાāŠļ āŠķāŠ°ૂ āŠ•āŠ°્āŠŊો. āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻીāŠ“āŠ āŠœોāŠŊું āŠ•ે āŠŽુāŠ§ āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđ āŠŠāŠ° āŠĪો āŠœāŠ°ા āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠŪંāŠĄāŠģ āŠĻāŠĨી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ‰āŠ·્āŠĢāŠĪાāŠŪાāŠĻ āŦŠāŦĶāŦĶ āŠ…ંāŠķ āŠļેāŠē્āŠļિāŠŊāŠļ āŠ›ે āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĪ્āŠŊાં āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠķāŠ•્āŠŊ āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠķુāŠ•્āŠ° āŠŠāŠ° āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠŠāŠ° āŠœે āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠŪંāŠĄāŠģ āŠ›ે āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪાં āŠļો āŠ—āŠĢું āŠ˜āŠŸ્āŠŸ āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠŪંāŠĄāŠģ āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪ્āŠŊાં āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠŪંāŠĄāŠģāŠŪાં āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŽāŠĻāŠĄાāŠŊોāŠ•્āŠļાāŠˆāŠĄ, āŠļāŠē્āŠŦāŠ° āŠĄાāŠŊોāŠ•્āŠļાāŠˆāŠĄ āŠœેāŠĩા āŠ—્āŠ°ીāŠĻāŠđાāŠ‰āŠļ āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠ“ āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ‰āŠ·્āŠĢāŠĪાāŠŪાāŠĻ āŠŠāŦĶāŦĶ āŠ…ંāŠķ āŠļેāŠē્āŠļિāŠŊāŠļ āŠ›ે. āŠĪ્āŠŊાં āŠĩāŠ°ાāŠģ āŠĻāŠđીંāŠĩāŠĪ્ āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠŪંāŠĄāŠģāŠŪાં āŠļāŠē્āŠŦ્āŠŊુāŠ°િāŠ• āŠāŠļિāŠĄāŠĻા āŠŸ્āŠ°ેāŠļીāŠļ āŠ›ે āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĪ્āŠŊાં āŠŠāŠĢ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠķāŠ•્āŠŊ āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ—ુāŠ°ુ, āŠķāŠĻિ, āŠŊુāŠ°ેāŠĻāŠļ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĻેāŠŠāŠš્āŠŊૂāŠĻ āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠŪāŠŊ āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđ āŠ›ે āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĪ્āŠŊાં āŠŠāŠĢ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠķāŠ•્āŠŊ āŠĻāŠĨી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠđોāŠŊ āŠĪો āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠŪંāŠĄāŠģāŠŪાં āŠŽેāŠ•્āŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊા āŠđોāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે. āŠ† āŠŽāŠ§ા āŠŪોāŠŸા āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđāŠĻા āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠŪંāŠĄāŠģāŠŪાં āŠŪિāŠĨેāŠĻ, āŠˆāŠĨેāŠĻ, āŠ…āŠŪોāŠĻિāŠŊા, āŠđાāŠˆāŠĄ્āŠ°ોāŠœāŠĻ āŠœેāŠĩા āŠĩાāŠŊુāŠ“ āŠ›ે, āŠŠાāŠĢી āŠ›ે. āŠĪ્āŠŊાં āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻāŠ°āŠļ āŠĪો āŠ›ે āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠœેāŠĩું āŠĩિāŠ•āŠļિāŠĪ āŠĪો āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠĻāŠĨી, āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŽેāŠ•્āŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊાāŠĻા āŠ°ૂāŠŠāŠŪાં āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠđોāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠķāŠ•્āŠŊāŠĪા āŠ›ે. āŠŠ્āŠēુāŠŸો āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊāŠĨી āŠ› āŠ…āŠŽāŠœ āŠ•િāŠēોāŠŪીāŠŸāŠ° āŠĶૂāŠ° āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ˜āŠĢો āŠĻાāŠĻો āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķીāŠŠિંāŠĄ āŠ›ે. āŠĪ્āŠŊાં āŠļૌāŠ° āŠŠāŠ°્āŠœા āŠŽāŠđુ āŠœ āŠ“āŠ›ી āŠŠāŠđોંāŠšે āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ‰āŠ·્āŠĢāŠĪાāŠŪાāŠĻ āŠ“āŠ›ા āŠ°āŦŽāŦĶ āŠ…ંāŠķ āŠļેāŠē્āŠļિāŠŊāŠļ āŠœેāŠŸāŠēું āŠ›ે āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĪ્āŠŊાં āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠđોāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠķāŠ•્āŠŊāŠĪા āŠĻāŠĨી.
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āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ†ંāŠ—āŠģીāŠĻા āŠŸેāŠ°āŠĩે āŠŪૂāŠ•ી āŠĶીāŠ§ું āŠ›ે --- āŠĄૉ. āŠœે. āŠœે. āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠē

āŠ†āŠœે āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪ āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻે āŠļāŠŪāŠœાāŠĩે āŠ›ે āŠœેāŠĨી āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩી āŠ…ંāŠĪāŠ°િāŠ•્āŠ· āŠŊુāŠ—āŠĻે āŠĩāŠ§ાāŠ°ે āŠļāŠŪāŠœી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠĻા āŠŪાāŠ§્āŠŊāŠŪ āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠēોāŠ•ો āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊāŠŪાāŠģા āŠĩિāŠ·ે āŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠŪેāŠģāŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻીāŠ“āŠĻું āŠ–ેāŠĄાāŠĢ āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠૂāŠ°ા āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠŪૂāŠģāŠ­ૂāŠĪ āŠ•ેāŠĩી āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊāŠ°āŠĪ āŠ›ે āŠĪે āŠļāŠŪāŠœી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠĪે āŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ•ુāŠĶāŠ°āŠĪāŠĻી āŠ…ંāŠĪāŠđીāŠĻ āŠļીāŠŪા āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠļāŠŪāŠ•્āŠ· āŠ°āŠœૂ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે.

āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠŽāŠ§ા āŠāŠ• āŠœ āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđāŠĻા āŠĩાāŠļીāŠ“ āŠ›ીāŠ - āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩીāŠ°ૂāŠŠ āŠĪāŠĶ્āŠĶāŠĻ āŠĻાāŠĻી āŠĶુāŠĻિāŠŊાāŠŪાં āŠ°āŠđીāŠ āŠ›ીāŠ. āŠĪેāŠŪ āŠ›āŠĪાં āŠĪે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĩિāŠķાāŠģ āŠĶુāŠĻિāŠŊા āŠ›ે. āŠĪે āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊāŠĻા āŠ†āŠ  āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđāŠŪાં āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠœા āŠĻંāŠŽāŠ°ે āŠ°āŠđીāŠĻે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠ—ંāŠ—ા āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻીāŠĻા āŠāŠ• āŠĪāŠĶ્āŠĶāŠĻ āŠĻાāŠĻા āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊāŠĻી āŠŠāŠ°િāŠ•્āŠ°āŠŪા āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠ—ંāŠ—ાāŠĻા āŠŠાંāŠšāŠļો āŠ…āŠŽāŠœ āŠĪાāŠ°ાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢો āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠāŠ• āŠļાāŠŪાāŠĻ્āŠŊ āŠĪાāŠ°ો āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠ—ંāŠ—ા āŠĩિāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ°āŠĪા āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠœ્āŠŊાં āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻીāŠ“ āŠāŠ•āŠŽીāŠœાāŠĨી āŠĶૂāŠ° āŠœાāŠŊ āŠ›ે āŠĪેāŠŪાંāŠĻી āŠāŠ• āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻી āŠ›ે. āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻી āŠ­āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠĪા, āŠ°āŠšāŠĻા, āŠĩિāŠķાāŠģāŠĪા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪેāŠĻાં āŠ°āŠđāŠļ્āŠŊો āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ•āŠē્āŠŠāŠĻાāŠĻી āŠŽāŠđાāŠ° āŠ›ે. āŠĪે āŠŠૂāŠ°ી āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩāŠœાāŠĪāŠĻો āŠĩાāŠ°āŠļો āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠœીāŠĩી āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŊાં āŠ›ીāŠ. āŠĪે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે āŠˆāŠķાāŠ°ો āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢું āŠ­āŠĩિāŠ·્āŠŊ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻે āŠ•ેāŠĩી āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠļāŠŪāŠœી āŠķāŠ•ીāŠ āŠ›ીāŠ āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠŠāŠ° āŠĻિāŠ°્āŠ­āŠ° āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠ† āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠ°āŠœāŠ•āŠĢāŠĻી āŠœેāŠŪ āŠĪāŠ°ી āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŊાં āŠ›ીāŠ.

āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠĻા āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠ—્āŠ°ાāŠŪ āŠœોāŠ•ે āŠ…ંāŠĪāŠ°ીāŠ•્āŠ· āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ–āŠ—ોāŠģ āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠļાāŠĨે āŠŪૂāŠģāŠ­ૂāŠĪ āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠļંāŠŽંāŠ§ āŠ§āŠ°ાāŠĩે āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠļાāŠĨે āŠļાāŠĨે āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠĩિāŠķાāŠģ āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩીāŠŊ āŠĶૃāŠ·્āŠŸિāŠ•ોāŠĢ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĶૃāŠķ્āŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪ āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠ°āŠŪો āŠŽāŠ§ા āŠœ āŠĩāŠŊāŠĻા āŠēોāŠ•ો āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ›ે. āŠĪે āŠĶૃāŠķ્āŠŊ āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļંāŠ—ીāŠĪāŠĻી āŠĶૃāŠ·્āŠŸિāŠ āŠ†āŠķ્āŠ°્āŠšāŠ°્āŠŊāŠœāŠĻāŠ• āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķāŠ•āŠĻા āŠđૃāŠĶāŠŊ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŪāŠ—āŠœāŠĻે āŠāŠ•āŠĄી āŠ°ાāŠ–ે āŠ›ે.

āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠ°āŠļāŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĶ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ†āŠĻંāŠĶāŠœāŠĻāŠ• āŠ›ે, āŠœે āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠļāŠŪāŠœે āŠ›ે āŠĪે āŠļાāŠ°ી āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠœીāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪ āŠ•ુāŠĶāŠ°āŠĪāŠĻા āŠŪોāŠŸાં āŠŪોāŠŸાં āŠļāŠĪ્āŠŊોāŠĻે āŠŽāŠđુ āŠļāŠ°āŠ–ી āŠ°ીāŠĪેે āŠļāŠŪāŠœાāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠĪે āŠ–āŠ—ોāŠģāŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻāŠĻું āŠļાંāŠļ્āŠ•ૃāŠĪિāŠ• āŠŠāŠ°િāŠŪાāŠĢ āŠ›ે. āŠļાંāŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĪ āŠļāŠŪāŠŊāŠĻા āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠŠāŠĻોāŠŪાં āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪુāŠ“ āŠĩેāŠšāŠĩા āŠ–āŠ—ોāŠģāŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻāŠĻે āŠ–ૂāŠŽ āŠœ āŠŠ્āŠ°ાāŠ§ાāŠĻ્āŠŊ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠŦિāŠē્āŠŪો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŸેāŠēિāŠĩિāŠāŠĻāŠŪાં āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻી āŠ­āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠĪા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠšુāŠ° āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŪાāŠĢāŠŪાં āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪે āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠ—્āŠ°ાāŠđāŠ•ોāŠĻે āŠēોāŠ­ાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠļāŠŦāŠģ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠĻા āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠ°āŠŪો āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ - āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢāŠĻે āŠ°āŠļāŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĶ āŠŽāŠĻાāŠĩે āŠ›ે, āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻāŠĻો āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠšાāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩા, āŠēોāŠ•āŠŠ્āŠ°િāŠŊ āŠŽāŠĻાāŠĩāŠĩા āŠŪોāŠŸો āŠ­ાāŠ— āŠ­āŠœāŠĩે āŠ›ે.

āŠļāŠŪાāŠœāŠŪાં āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩીāŠ“āŠĻી āŠ—ુāŠĢāŠĩāŠĪ્āŠĪા āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĢે āŠēીāŠ§ેāŠē āŠŦોāŠ°્āŠŪāŠē āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĻોāŠĻ-āŠŦોāŠ°્āŠŪāŠē āŠāŠŪ āŠŽંāŠĻે āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠŠāŠ° āŠ†āŠ§ાāŠ°િāŠĪ āŠ›ે. āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩાāŠĪાāŠĩāŠ°āŠĢ āŠāŠĩાં āŠđોāŠĩા āŠœોāŠˆāŠ āŠœે āŠāŠĩા āŠĻાāŠ—āŠ°િāŠ•ો āŠŠેāŠĶા āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠœેāŠĻું āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠ‰āŠš્āŠšāŠĪāŠŪ āŠđોāŠŊ, āŠœેāŠŪાં āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻી āŠ†āŠļāŠŠાāŠļāŠĻી āŠĶુāŠĻિāŠŊાāŠĻે āŠœાāŠĢāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļāŠŪāŠœāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠœિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠļા āŠđોāŠŊ, āŠœેāŠŪાં āŠĩૈāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻિāŠ• āŠ…āŠ­િāŠ—āŠŪ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻāŠŪૂāŠē્āŠŊો āŠđોāŠŊ āŠœે āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĻે āŠļāŠŪાāŠœāŠĻા āŠĩિāŠ•ાāŠļāŠŪાં āŠ…āŠ°્āŠĨāŠŠૂāŠ°્āŠĢ āŠŊોāŠ—āŠĶાāŠĻ āŠ†āŠŠી āŠķāŠ•ે. āŠ† āŠŽāŠ§ા āŠ—ુāŠĢો āŠŪાāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠŦોāŠ°્āŠŪāŠē āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢāŠĨી āŠœ āŠ†āŠĩી āŠĻ āŠķāŠ•ે. āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠļાāŠĨે āŠļાāŠĨે āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪ, āŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠŪ્āŠŊુāŠિāŠŊāŠŪ, āŠļંāŠ—ીāŠĪ, āŠ•āŠēા āŠĩāŠ—ેāŠ°ેāŠĻા āŠŪાāŠ§્āŠŊāŠŪ āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠ…āŠŠાāŠĪું āŠĻોāŠĻ-āŠŦોāŠ°્āŠŪāŠē āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠđોāŠĩું āŠ…āŠĪ્āŠŊંāŠĪ āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ°ી āŠ›ે.

āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠ āŠŊુāŠ—āŠŪાં āŠœીāŠĩી āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŊાં āŠ›ીāŠ āŠœેāŠŪાં āŠ–āŠ—ોāŠģāŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻāŠŪાં āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ…ંāŠĪāŠ°િāŠ•્āŠ· āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻāŠŪાં āŠœāŠŽ્āŠŽāŠ° āŠĩિāŠ•ાāŠļ āŠĨāŠŊો āŠ›ે. āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩી āŠđāŠĩે āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠļાāŠĨે āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠŊેāŠē āŠĻāŠĨી āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŊો. āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠšંāŠĶ્āŠ° āŠŠāŠ° āŠŽાāŠ° āŠĩāŠ–āŠĪ āŠĄāŠ— āŠŪાંāŠĄ્āŠŊાં āŠ›ે āŠĪે āŠĻિāŠŊāŠŪિāŠĪ āŠ…ંāŠĪāŠ°િāŠ•્āŠ·āŠŪાં āŠŪુāŠļાāŠŦāŠ°ી āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે. āŠĪે āŠļāŠĪāŠĪ āŠŪંāŠĶાāŠ•િāŠĻીāŠ“ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĻāŠĩા āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķીāŠŠિંāŠĄોāŠĻી āŠķોāŠ§ો āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻી āŠĩāŠŊ āŠœાāŠĢāŠĩા āŠšિંāŠĪāŠĻ-āŠŪāŠĻāŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠĩી āŠŠāŠ°િāŠļ્āŠĨિāŠĪિāŠŪાં āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩીāŠĻે āŠ•ોāŠļāŠŪોāŠļ āŠļāŠŪāŠœાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪે āŠŽāŠđુ āŠ…āŠ—āŠĪ્āŠŊāŠĻો āŠ­ાāŠ— āŠ­āŠœāŠĩ્āŠŊો āŠ›ે. āŠļાāŠŪાāŠĻ્āŠŊ āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩી āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻાં āŠ°āŠđāŠļ્āŠŊો āŠœાāŠĢāŠĩા āŠœāŠŽ્āŠŽāŠ° āŠ†āŠĪુāŠ° āŠ›ે. āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪ āŠāŠĩી āŠœāŠ—્āŠŊા āŠ›ે āŠœ્āŠŊાં āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩીāŠĻું āŠŪāŠ—āŠœ āŠĩિāŠ•ાāŠļāŠĻા āŠ°ાāŠœāŠŪાāŠ°્āŠ—ે āŠĶોāŠĄāŠĩા āŠŪાંāŠĄે āŠ›ે. āŠŦિāŠē્āŠŪ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŸેāŠēિāŠĩિāŠāŠĻāŠĻા āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠ°āŠŪો āŠŽાāŠģāŠ•ોāŠĻે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠēોāŠ•ોāŠĻે āŠ–ોāŠŸે āŠ°āŠļ્āŠĪે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠēāŠˆ āŠœાāŠŊ āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩ āŠļંāŠļ્āŠ•ૃāŠĪિāŠĻે āŠ°િāŠŠેāŠ° āŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ાāŠŊ āŠĪેāŠĩું āŠĻુāŠ•āŠļાāŠĻ āŠŠāŠđોંāŠšાāŠĄે āŠ›ે.

āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠĻું āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠœેāŠ•્āŠŸāŠ° āŠœ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊāŠ°āŠĪ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠĻો āŠĄોāŠŪ āŠ…āŠĶૃāŠķ્āŠŊ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠŪાāŠĨે āŠ†āŠŽેāŠđૂāŠŽ āŠ°ાāŠĪ્āŠ°િ-āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠœીāŠĩંāŠĪ āŠŠāŠĪāŠ°ે āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠĶુāŠĻિāŠŊાāŠĻે āŠ­ૂāŠēી āŠœāŠˆāŠ āŠ›ીāŠ. āŠ˜āŠĢાં āŠŽાāŠģāŠ•ો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ—ાāŠŪāŠĄાંāŠĻા āŠ­ોāŠģા āŠŪાāŠĢāŠļો āŠŪાāŠĻી āŠēે āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠĩાāŠģા āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļે āŠ°ાāŠĪ āŠĶેāŠ–ાāŠĄે āŠ›ે. āŠđાં, āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠĩાāŠģા āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļે āŠ°ાāŠĪ āŠĶેāŠ–ાāŠĄે āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĪે āŠļાāŠšી āŠ°ાāŠĪ āŠĻāŠĨી āŠđોāŠĪી, āŠ•ૃāŠĪ્āŠ°િāŠŪ āŠ†āŠŽેāŠđૂāŠŽ āŠ°ાāŠĪ્āŠ°િ āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩીāŠĻા āŠŪāŠ—āŠœāŠĻો āŠ† āŠ•āŠ°િāŠķ્āŠŪા āŠ›ે.

āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻી āŠ­āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠĪા āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ - āŠŠāŠ°િāŠ•āŠĨાāŠĻે āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪ āŠ†āŠŠે āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ āŠŠāŠ°િāŠ•āŠĨાāŠĻું āŠšિāŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠ•āŠ°āŠĢ āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠĻા āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠŪાં āŠŽāŠ°ાāŠŽāŠ° āŠĨāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠ˜āŠĢા āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķāŠ•ો āŠŽāŠđાāŠ°āŠĨી āŠĨાāŠ•ીāŠĻે āŠ†āŠĩ્āŠŊા āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠ‰āŠĻાāŠģાāŠŪાં āŠ—āŠ°āŠŪીāŠŪાં āŠķેāŠ•ાāŠˆāŠĻે āŠ†āŠĩ્āŠŊા āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠ“ āŠāŠ°āŠ•āŠĻ્āŠĄિāŠķāŠĻ્āŠĄ āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠŪાં āŠ°ાāŠĪ્āŠ°િ āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠ–āŠĄું āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠļૂāŠˆ āŠœાāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠ°āŠŪ āŠļāŠŪાāŠŠ્āŠĪ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠœ āŠœાāŠ—ે āŠ›ે. āŠ˜āŠĢાંāŠĻે āŠĪો āŠœāŠ—ાāŠĄāŠĩા āŠŠāŠĄે āŠ›ે. āŠœોāŠ•ે āŠĪેāŠ“āŠ āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠĻો āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠ°āŠŪ āŠĪો āŠŪીāŠļ āŠ•āŠ°્āŠŊો āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĻી āŠĻિāŠĶ્āŠ°ા āŠŠૂāŠ°ી āŠĨāŠˆ āŠ—āŠˆ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે āŠĪેāŠĨી āŠĪાāŠœાāŠŪાāŠœા āŠĨāŠˆ āŠ—āŠŊા āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠ˜āŠĢા āŠĪો āŠ‰āŠĻાāŠģાāŠĻી āŠŽāŠŠોāŠ°ે āŠāŠ°āŠ•āŠĻ્āŠĄિāŠķāŠĻ્āŠĄ āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠŪાં āŠŠંāŠ˜āŠĩા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠœ āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĨāŠĩા āŠ•āŠēાāŠ• āŠŸાāŠˆāŠŪ āŠŠāŠļાāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩા āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે.

āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻી āŠŽāŠđાāŠ° āŠ•ાંāŠˆ āŠœ āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĩિāŠ·āŠŊ āŠ•ે āŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻāŠķાāŠ–ા āŠĻāŠĨી āŠĻે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠšિāŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠ•āŠ°āŠĢ āŠ•āŠ°ાāŠˆ āŠĻ āŠđોāŠŊ. āŠ°ાāŠœāŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢ, āŠˆāŠ•ોāŠĻોāŠŪિāŠ•્āŠļ, āŠ†āŠĪંāŠ• āŠŽāŠ§ાં āŠœ āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠĻāŠœāŠ°ે āŠšāŠĄે āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ†āŠļāŠŠાāŠļ āŠšાāŠēāŠĪી āŠŽāŠ§ી āŠœ āŠ•્āŠ°િāŠŊાāŠ“, āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠŪાં āŠŪોāŠœૂāŠĶ āŠ›ે. āŠŠાāŠĢી, āŠ‹āŠĪુāŠ“ āŠŽāŠ§ું āŠœ āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻું āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠĪો āŠ…āŠđીંāŠĻા āŠĨોāŠĄા āŠļāŠŪāŠŊ āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĩાāŠļીāŠ“ āŠ›ીāŠ, āŠĻિāŠĩાāŠļીāŠ“ āŠ›ીāŠ. āŠ­ાāŠĄાāŠĻા āŠ˜āŠ°āŠŪાં āŠ°āŠđેāŠĪા āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩીāŠ“ āŠ›ીāŠ. āŠļāŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°ો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ•āŠēેāŠ•āŠŸāŠ°ો āŠŪાāŠĻે āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠĪેāŠ“ āŠœ āŠœāŠŪીāŠĻāŠĻા āŠŪાāŠēિāŠ• āŠ›ે.

āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪ āŠ–āŠ—ોāŠģ āŠĪો āŠķીāŠ–āŠĩે āŠœ āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ­ૂāŠ—ોāŠģ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠˆāŠĪિāŠđાāŠļ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠķીāŠ–āŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠŪાં āŠŽāŠ§ી āŠœ āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊા - āŠ•āŠēા - āŠļંāŠ—ીāŠĪ - āŠĪāŠĪ્āŠĪ્āŠĩāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊāŠ°āŠĪ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠļાāŠđિāŠĪ્āŠŊ, āŠ­ાāŠ·ા, āŠļ્āŠ•્āŠ°ીāŠŠ્āŠŸ-āŠ°ાāŠˆāŠŸિંāŠ—, āŠļંāŠ—ીāŠĪ, āŠĻૃāŠĪ્āŠŊ, āŠĪāŠĪ્āŠĪ્āŠĩāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ, āŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ-āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠŽāŠ§ું āŠœ āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠĻા āŠĄિāŠ°ેāŠ•્āŠŸāŠ° āŠŽāŠĻāŠĩું āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠŪાāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠ–āŠ—ોāŠģ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠœ āŠœાāŠĢāŠĩાāŠĻું āŠĻāŠĨી āŠđોāŠĪું āŠŠāŠĢ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻāŠĻાં āŠĩિāŠĩિāŠ§ āŠŠાāŠļાં āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ•āŠģાāŠĻા āŠŪાāŠ§્āŠŊāŠŪāŠĻું āŠŠāŠĢ āŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠđોāŠĩું āŠ˜āŠŸે.

āŠ†āŠˆāŠĻ્āŠļ્āŠŸાāŠˆāŠĻે āŠāŠ• āŠĩાāŠ° āŠ•āŠđેāŠēું āŠ•ે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄ āŠĩિāŠ·ે āŠĻ āŠļāŠŪāŠœાāŠŊ āŠĪેāŠĩી āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪ āŠ āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠĪે āŠļāŠŪāŠœી āŠķāŠ•ાāŠŊ āŠĪેāŠĩું āŠ›ે. āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄ āŠļāŠŪāŠœાāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે.

āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩી āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪ્āŠŊો āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°āŠĨી āŠĪેāŠĢે āŠ°ાāŠĪ્āŠ°િāŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠœોāŠĩાāŠĻું āŠķāŠ°ૂ āŠ•āŠ°્āŠŊું. āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠ°ાāŠĪ્āŠ°િāŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠ…āŠšંāŠŽો āŠŠāŠŪાāŠĄāŠĪું āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŊું. āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķીāŠŠિંāŠĄોāŠĻી āŠ—āŠĪિāŠĩિāŠ§િ āŠ§ીāŠ°ે āŠ§ીāŠ°ે āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠļāŠŪāŠœāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩી. āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĨāŠŪ āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી - āŠ•ેāŠĻ્āŠĶ્āŠ°ીāŠŊ āŠĩિāŠķ્āŠ°્āŠĩ āŠļāŠŪāŠœાāŠŊું āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊ-āŠ•ેāŠĻ્āŠĶ્āŠ°ીāŠŊ āŠĩિāŠķ્āŠ°્āŠĩ āŠļāŠŪāŠœાāŠŊું. āŠ—ેāŠēિāŠēિāŠŊો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĻ્āŠŊુāŠŸāŠĻે āŠ—āŠĪિāŠĻા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ—ુāŠ°ુāŠĪ્āŠĩાāŠ•āŠ°્āŠ·āŠĢāŠĻા āŠĻિāŠŊāŠŪો āŠ†āŠŠ્āŠŊા. āŠŠૂāŠ°ા āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻું āŠĄાāŠŊāŠĻાāŠŪિāŠ•્āŠļ āŠļāŠŪāŠœāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩ્āŠŊું. āŠĪેāŠŪાંāŠĨી āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠĻો āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪ āŠĨāŠŊો.

āŠŠુāŠ°ાāŠĪāŠĻ āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩીāŠĻે āŠ–āŠŽāŠ° āŠĻ āŠđāŠĪી āŠ•ે āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠķું āŠ›ે, āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠķું āŠ›ે, āŠšંāŠĶ્āŠ° āŠķું āŠ›ે. āŠĩિāŠķાāŠģ āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠŦāŠ°āŠĪે āŠ˜ૂāŠŪāŠĪું āŠœોāŠˆāŠĻે āŠĪે āŠ†āŠķ્āŠ°્āŠšāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠ…āŠĻુāŠ­āŠĩāŠĪો. āŠķા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļે āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠŪાં āŠŦāŠ°ે āŠ›ે, āŠķા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ°ાāŠĪે āŠšંāŠĶ્āŠ° āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠŪાં āŠĩિāŠđાāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે. āŠķા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠ­āŠ°ેāŠēું āŠŠૂāŠ°ું āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠŦāŠ°āŠĪે āŠ—ોāŠģ āŠ—ોāŠģ āŠŦāŠ°ે āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠļāŠŪāŠœāŠŪાં āŠ•ાંāŠˆ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ†āŠĩāŠĪું āŠĻāŠđોāŠĪું. āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠ…āŠ—્āŠĻિāŠĻો āŠŠāŠ°િāŠšāŠŊ āŠĨāŠŊો. āŠĪે āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊāŠĻે āŠ…āŠ—્āŠĻિāŠĻી āŠĪāŠ•āŠĪી āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩા āŠēાāŠ—્āŠŊો. āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠ–āŠŽāŠ° āŠŠāŠĄી āŠ•ે āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊ - āŠšંāŠĶ્āŠ° āŠĨાāŠģીāŠ“ āŠĻāŠĨી āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ—ોāŠģા āŠ›ે. āŠ…āŠ—્āŠĻિāŠĻા āŠĩિāŠĩિāŠ§ āŠ‰āŠŠāŠŊોāŠ—ો āŠœોāŠˆ āŠĪે āŠĪેāŠĻો āŠ‰āŠŠāŠŊોāŠ— āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩા āŠēાāŠ—્āŠŊો. āŠ°ાંāŠ§āŠĩાāŠŪાં, āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠŪેāŠģāŠĩāŠĩાāŠŪાં, āŠœંāŠ—āŠēી āŠŠāŠķુāŠ“āŠĨી āŠŽāŠšāŠĩા āŠĪે āŠ…āŠ—્āŠĻિāŠĻો āŠ‰āŠŠāŠŊોāŠ— āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩા āŠēાāŠ—્āŠŊો. āŠŠāŠĨ્āŠĨāŠ° āŠŦેંāŠ•āŠĩાāŠĻી āŠ•્āŠ°િāŠŊા āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠŽāŠđુ āŠ•ાāŠŪ āŠēાāŠ—āŠĩા āŠŪાંāŠĄી. āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠšāŠ•્āŠ°āŠĻી āŠķોāŠ§ āŠĨāŠˆ. āŠ–ેāŠĪીāŠĻી āŠķોāŠ§ āŠĨāŠˆ. āŠŠાāŠĢીāŠĻી āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠŪāŠđāŠĪ્āŠĪા āŠļāŠŪāŠœાāŠˆ. āŠĻāŠĶી āŠ•િāŠĻાāŠ°ે āŠļંāŠļ્āŠ•ૃāŠĪિ āŠĩિāŠ•āŠļી.

āŠ–ેāŠĪી āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ‹āŠĪુāŠ“ āŠœાāŠĢāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ° āŠœāŠĢાāŠˆ. āŠļāŠŪāŠŊ āŠœાāŠĢāŠĩા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠĪેāŠĢે āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠĻા āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠĪāŠ°āŠŦ āŠŪીāŠŸ āŠŪાંāŠĄી. āŠĪેāŠŪાંāŠĨી āŠ–āŠ—ોāŠģāŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻāŠĻો āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪ āŠĨāŠŊો. āŠ°ાāŠķિāŠ“, āŠĻāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĪ્āŠ°ો, āŠĪાāŠ°āŠ•āŠļāŠŪૂāŠđ, āŠŪāŠđિāŠĻા, āŠŠāŠ–āŠĩાāŠĄિāŠŊા, āŠ…āŠ āŠĩાāŠĄિāŠŊા āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ· āŠ…āŠļ્āŠĪિāŠĪ્āŠĩāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩ્āŠŊાં. āŠĻāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĪ્āŠ°ો āŠŠāŠ°āŠĨી āŠŪāŠđિāŠĻાāŠĻાં āŠĻાāŠŪો āŠŠાāŠĄāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩ્āŠŊાં. āŠŠૂāŠ°્āŠĢિāŠŪાāŠĻે āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļે āŠšંāŠĶ્āŠ° āŠœે āŠĻāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĪ્āŠ°āŠŪાં āŠđોāŠŊ āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠŠāŠ°āŠĨી āŠŪāŠđિāŠĻાāŠĻું āŠĻાāŠŪ āŠŠાāŠĄāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩ્āŠŊું. āŠ°ાāŠĪ્āŠ°ે āŠĪાāŠ°ાāŠĻો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠšંāŠĶ્āŠ°āŠĻો āŠ…āŠ­્āŠŊાāŠļ, āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļે āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊāŠĻો āŠ…āŠ­્āŠŊાāŠļ āŠļāŠĶીāŠ“ āŠļુāŠ§ી āŠĨāŠŊો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ–āŠ—ોāŠģ āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠ…āŠļ્āŠĪિāŠĪ્āŠĩāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩ્āŠŊું.

āŠ†āŠ§ુāŠĻિāŠ• āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠĻું āŠļāŠšોāŠŸ āŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩા āŠļāŠ•્āŠ·āŠŪ āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķીāŠŠિંāŠĄોāŠĻી āŠ—āŠĪિāŠĩિāŠ§િ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે āŠĪાāŠĶૃāŠķ્āŠŊ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે. āŠœોāŠ•ે āŠ† āŠ•ૃāŠĪ્āŠ°િāŠŪ āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊ, āŠšંāŠĶ્āŠ°, āŠĪાāŠ°ા āŠ•ૃāŠĪ્āŠ°િāŠŪ āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĪે āŠĩાāŠļ્āŠĪāŠĩિāŠ• āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠĻી āŠ—āŠĪિāŠĩિāŠ§િāŠĻે āŠĪાāŠĶૃāŠķ્āŠŊ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻે āŠļāŠŪāŠœાāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠ•ૃāŠĪ્āŠ°િāŠŪ āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĩાāŠļ્āŠĪāŠĩિāŠ• āŠ›ે. āŠœે āŠĩાāŠļ્āŠĪāŠĩિāŠ• āŠ°ાāŠĪ્āŠ°િāŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠĻ āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķાāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠĪે āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠĻું āŠ•ૃāŠĪ્āŠ°િāŠŪ āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķાāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠ–āŠ—ોāŠģ āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻāŠĻા āŠ…āŠ­્āŠŊાāŠļ āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪ āŠ˜āŠĢું āŠŪāŠđāŠĪ્āŠĪ્āŠĩāŠĻું āŠ›ે. āŠĨોāŠĄા āŠļāŠŪāŠŊāŠŪાં āŠĪે āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠŪાં āŠšાāŠēāŠĪી āŠŽāŠ§ી āŠ•્āŠ°િāŠŊાāŠ“āŠĻું āŠĄેāŠŪોāŠĻ્āŠļ્āŠŸ્āŠ°ેāŠķāŠĻ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠļāŠŪāŠ•્āŠ· āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠĪે āŠļāŠŪāŠŊāŠĻે āŠļાંāŠ•āŠĄો āŠŽāŠĻાāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠ­ૂāŠĪāŠ•ાāŠģāŠŪાં āŠ•āŠŊા āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļે āŠ•āŠŊું āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠđāŠĪું. āŠ•ેāŠĩું āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠđāŠĪું āŠĪે āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķાāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠ­āŠĩિāŠ·્āŠŊāŠŪાં āŠ•āŠŊા āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļે āŠ•ેāŠĩું āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠđāŠķે āŠĪે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķાāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠĪે āŠĪāŠŪાāŠ°ું āŠ­āŠĩિāŠ·્āŠŊāŠ•āŠĨāŠĻ āŠĪો āŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ­āŠĩિāŠ·્āŠŊāŠĻું āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠĪો āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķાāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ે. āŠ—્āŠ°āŠđોāŠĻાં āŠļ્āŠĨાāŠĻો āŠļાāŠĨે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠœોāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ીāŠ āŠ›ીāŠ. āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļે āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠœોāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ીāŠ āŠ›ીāŠ. āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠļાāŠĨે āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠœોāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ીāŠ āŠ›ીāŠ. āŠŽીāŠœું āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે āŠķું āŠœોāŠˆāŠ? āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪ āŠ†āŠ§ુāŠĻિāŠ• āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻāŠŪાં āŠŪāŠđાāŠĻ āŠķોāŠ§ āŠ—āŠĢાāŠŊ. āŠĪે āŠđāŠ•ીāŠ•āŠĪāŠŪાં āŠœાāŠĶુ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે. āŠĪે āŠĪāŠŪāŠĻે āŠŠૃāŠĨ્āŠĩી āŠŠāŠ°āŠĻી āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ…āŠ•્āŠ·ાંāŠķ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ°ેāŠ–ાંāŠķ āŠŠāŠ°āŠĻું āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļે āŠĶેāŠ–ાāŠĄી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠĪે āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠ…āŠĶ્āŠ­ુāŠĪ āŠ•્āŠ·āŠŪāŠĪા āŠ›ે. āŠĪે āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠĻે āŠ…āŠĩāŠĻી āŠŠāŠ° āŠ‰āŠĪાāŠ°ે āŠ›ે.

āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠŪાં āŦ§āŦĻ āŠ°ાāŠķિāŠ“ āŠļૂāŠ°્āŠŊāŠĻા āŠŪાāŠ°્āŠ— āŠŠāŠ° āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŦĻāŦ­ āŠĻāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĪ્āŠ°ો āŠšંāŠĶ્āŠ°āŠĻા āŠŪાāŠ°્āŠ— āŠŠāŠ° āŠ›ે. āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠĻું āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠĪāŠŪāŠĻે āŠ‰āŠĪ્āŠĪāŠ° āŠ§્āŠ°ુāŠĩ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĶāŠ•્āŠ·િāŠĢ āŠ§્āŠ°ુāŠĩāŠĻા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĶેāŠķો āŠŠāŠ°āŠĻું āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķાāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠĻું āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠœેāŠ•્āŠŸāŠ° āŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĢે āŠ§āŠ°ી āŠŠāŠ° āŠšાāŠēે āŠ›ે. āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪāŠĻા āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķāŠŪાં āŠ­ૂāŠĪāŠ•ાāŠģāŠĻી āŠŠૌāŠ°ાāŠĢિāŠ• āŠ•āŠĨાāŠ“āŠĻે āŠ•ંāŠĄાāŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩી āŠ›ે. āŠĪે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે āŠ­ૂāŠĪāŠ•ાāŠģāŠŪાં āŠŠāŠĢ āŠēāŠˆ āŠœāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ­āŠĩિāŠ·્āŠŊāŠŪાં āŠŠāŠĢ āŠēāŠˆ āŠœāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે. āŠ†āŠ•ાāŠķ āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪાંāŠĄāŠĻો āŠ­ૂāŠĪāŠ•ાāŠģ, āŠĩāŠ°્āŠĪāŠŪાāŠĻāŠ•ાāŠģ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ­āŠĩિāŠ·્āŠŊāŠ•ાāŠģ āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻાāŠŪાં āŠēāŠˆāŠĻે āŠŽેāŠ ું āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠ‰āŠ•ેāŠēāŠĪા āŠ†āŠĩāŠĄāŠĩું āŠœોāŠˆāŠ. āŠ…āŠđીં āŠđું āŠŦāŠģ āŠœ્āŠŊોāŠĪિāŠ·āŠĻી āŠĩાāŠĪ āŠĻāŠĨી āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪો.

āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠĻેāŠŸેāŠ°િāŠŊāŠŪ āŠ†āŠ§ુāŠĻિāŠ• āŠŊુāŠ—āŠĻી āŠāŠ• āŠŪāŠđાāŠĻ āŠķોāŠ§ āŠ›ે.

http://www.bombaysamachar.com/frmStoryShow.aspx?sNo=129218

āŠ…āŠŪેāŠ°િāŠ•ાāŠŪાં āŠļāŠđāŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢāŠĻે āŠœાāŠ•ાāŠ°ો āŠ…āŠŠાāŠ‡ āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŊો āŠ›ે --- āŠļ્āŠŠોāŠŸ āŠēાāŠˆāŠŸ, āŠļંāŠœāŠŊ āŠĩોāŠ°ા

http://www.bombaysamachar.com/frmStoryShow.aspx?sNo=129212

āŠ…āŠŪેāŠ°િāŠ•ાāŠĻી āŠļ્āŠ•ૂāŠēોāŠŪાં āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠ“ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ીāŠ“āŠĻી āŠ•ેāŠģāŠĩāŠĢી āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠ•્āŠēાāŠļોāŠŪાં āŠ•āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠŪોāŠŸી āŠુંāŠŽેāŠķ āŠķāŠ°ૂ āŠĨāŠ‡ āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠુંāŠŽેāŠķāŠĻે āŠ†āŠ—āŠģ āŠĩāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĩા āŠŪાāŠŸે ‘āŠĻેāŠķāŠĻāŠē āŠāŠļોāŠļિāŠŊેāŠķāŠĻ āŠ“āŠŦ āŠļિંāŠ—āŠē āŠļેāŠ•્āŠļ āŠŠāŠŽ્āŠēિāŠ• āŠāŠĄ્āŠŊુāŠ•ેāŠķāŠĻ’ āŠĻાāŠŪāŠĻી āŠļંāŠļ્āŠĨાāŠĻી āŠļ્āŠĨાāŠŠāŠĻા āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩી āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠļંāŠļ્āŠĨાāŠĻા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŊાāŠļોāŠĻે āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે āŠ…āŠŪેāŠ°િāŠ•ાāŠŪાં āŠŪાāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠ“āŠĻે āŠ•ે āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ીāŠ“āŠĻે āŠœ āŠ•ેāŠģāŠĩāŠĢી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĪી āŠļ્āŠ•ૂāŠēોāŠĻી āŠļંāŠ–્āŠŊા āŠœે āŠ‡.āŠļ. āŦ§āŦŊāŦŊāŦŪāŠŪાં āŠšાāŠ° āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ° āŠđāŠĪી āŠĪે āŠ†āŠœે āŠĩāŠ§ીāŠĻે āŦĻāŦĻāŦĐ āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ° āŠŠāŠđોંāŠšી āŠ—āŠ‡ āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠુંāŠŽેāŠķāŠĻા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĢેāŠĪાāŠ“ āŠđāŠĩે āŠ…āŠŪેāŠ°િāŠ•ાāŠŪાં āŠļāŠđāŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪāŠĻા āŠ•ાāŠŊāŠĶાāŠ“āŠŪાં āŠŠāŠ°િāŠĩāŠ°્āŠĪāŠĻāŠĻી āŠŪાāŠ—āŠĢી āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŊા āŠ›ે. āŠļāŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ° āŠ•ાāŠŊāŠĶા āŠŽāŠĶāŠēāŠĩા āŠĪૈāŠŊાāŠ° āŠĨāŠ‡ āŠ—āŠ‡ āŠ›ે.

āŠļāŠđāŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢāŠĻા āŠĩિāŠ°ોāŠ§ીāŠ“ āŠ•āŠđે āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠ•ુāŠĶāŠ°āŠĪે āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠુāŠ°ુāŠ·āŠĻી āŠ°āŠšāŠĻા āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠ“ āŠ•ોāŠ‡ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĩિāŠ·āŠŊāŠŪાં āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠ°ુāŠšિ āŠ§āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĪા āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠ•ોāŠ‡ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĩિāŠ·āŠŊ āŠ­āŠĢāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĻી āŠŠāŠĶ્āŠ§āŠĪિāŠŪાં āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ­િāŠĻ્āŠĻāŠĪા āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠœો āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠ“āŠĻે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ીāŠ“āŠĻે āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠœૂāŠĨāŠŪાં āŠ­āŠĢાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠĪો āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĻી āŠāŠ•ાāŠ—્āŠ°āŠĪા āŠĩāŠ§ે āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ—āŠŪાં āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĻી āŠĩāŠ°્āŠĪāŠĢૂāŠ•āŠŪાં āŠŠāŠĢ āŠļુāŠ§ાāŠ°ો āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠĩાāŠĪ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŊોāŠ—ો āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠļાāŠŽિāŠĪ āŠĨāŠŊેāŠēી āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે āŠ•ેāŠŸāŠēીāŠ• āŠļ્āŠ•ૂāŠēો āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻું āŠŠāŠ°િāŠĢાāŠŪ āŠļુāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĩા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠ“ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ીāŠ“ āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ—ો āŠŠāŠ­ા āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠ°āŠđી āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે āŠ…āŠŪેāŠ°િāŠ•ાāŠĻા āŠĩાāŠēીāŠ“ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ–ુāŠķ āŠ›ે. āŠ…āŠŪેāŠ°િāŠ•ાāŠŪાં āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠ“ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ીāŠ“āŠĻે āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ—āŠŪાં āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠĻા āŠđિāŠŪાāŠŊāŠĪીāŠ“ āŠĩૈāŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻિāŠ• āŠļāŠŪāŠœૂāŠĪી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĪાં āŠ•āŠđે āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ીāŠ“āŠĻે āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪુāŠĻા āŠ°ંāŠ—āŠŪાં āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠીāŠĢી āŠĩિāŠ—āŠĪોāŠŪાં āŠĩāŠ§ુ āŠ°āŠļ āŠŠāŠĄે āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠļāŠ°āŠ–ાāŠŪāŠĢીāŠ āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠ“āŠĻે āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪુāŠĻી āŠ—āŠĪિāŠŪાં āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĶિāŠķાāŠŪાં āŠĩāŠ§ુ āŠ°āŠļ āŠŠāŠĄે āŠ›ે. āŠœો āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠ• āŠ† āŠđāŠ•ીāŠ•āŠĪāŠĻો āŠļ્āŠĩીāŠ•ાāŠ° āŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠ“ āŠĪેāŠŪ āŠœ āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ીāŠ“āŠĻે āŠāŠ• āŠœ āŠļāŠ°āŠ–ી āŠĩિāŠ—āŠĪો āŠ­āŠĢાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠ•ોāŠķિāŠķ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠĪો āŠĪેāŠĻાāŠĨી āŠŽāŠĻ્āŠĻેāŠĻે āŠĻુāŠ•āŠļાāŠĻ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠŽāŠĶāŠēે āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠ“ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ીāŠ“āŠĻે āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ—āŠŪાં āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠ­āŠĢાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠĪો āŠĪેāŠĻાāŠĨી āŠŽંāŠĻ્āŠĻેāŠĻે āŠŦાāŠŊāŠĶો āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે. 

āŠļેāŠĻ્āŠŸ્āŠ°āŠē āŠŦ્āŠēોāŠ°િāŠĄાāŠĻી āŠāŠ• āŠļ્āŠ•ૂāŠēāŠĻા āŠšોāŠĨા āŠ§ોāŠ°āŠĢāŠŪાં āŠ—āŠŊા āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·ે āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨીāŠ“āŠĻે āŠļāŠđāŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠ•ે āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠĩāŠš્āŠšે āŠŠāŠļંāŠĶāŠ—ી āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĻી āŠĪāŠ• āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩી āŠđāŠĪી. āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·āŠĻા āŠ…ંāŠĪે āŠŽāŠĻ્āŠĻે āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĻા āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ—ોāŠŪાં āŠ­āŠĢāŠĻાāŠ°ા āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨીāŠ“āŠĻા āŠĶેāŠ–ાāŠĩāŠĻી āŠšāŠ•ાāŠļāŠĢી āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩી āŠđāŠĪી. āŠĩૂāŠĄāŠĩāŠ°્āŠĄ āŠļ્āŠ•ૂāŠēāŠĻા āŠļāŠđāŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠ§āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĪા āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ—āŠŪાં āŦŦāŦ­ āŠŸāŠ•ા āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ીāŠ“ āŠ…āŠĻે āŦĐāŦ­ āŠŸāŠ•ા āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠ“ āŠēેāŠ–િāŠĪ āŠŠāŠ°ીāŠ•્āŠ·ાāŠŪાં āŠŠાāŠļ āŠĨāŠŊા āŠđāŠĪા. āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠļāŠ°āŠ–ાāŠŪāŠĢીāŠ āŠœે āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ—āŠŪાં āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠ“ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ીāŠ“ āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠ­āŠĢāŠĪા āŠđāŠĪા āŠĪે āŠŠૈāŠ•ી āŦ­āŦŦ āŠŸāŠ•ા āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ીāŠ“ āŠ…āŠĻે āŦŪāŦŽ āŠŸāŠ•ા āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠ“ āŠēેāŠ–િāŠĪ āŠŠāŠ°ીāŠ•્āŠ·ાāŠŪાં āŠŠાāŠļ āŠĨāŠŊા āŠđāŠĪા. āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠ“āŠĻા āŠŠાāŠļ āŠĨāŠĩાāŠĻા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŪાāŠĢāŠŪાં āŠŽāŠŪāŠĢા āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪાં āŠĩāŠ§ુ āŠĩāŠ§ાāŠ°ો āŠœોāŠĩા āŠŪāŠģ્āŠŊો āŠđāŠĪો. āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ°āŠĨી āŠ•āŠđી āŠķāŠ•ાāŠŊ āŠ•ે āŠļāŠđāŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢāŠĻે āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ીāŠ“āŠĻે āŠ…āŠ­્āŠŊાāŠļāŠŪાં āŠœેāŠŸāŠēું āŠĻુāŠ•્āŠļાāŠĻ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે, āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪાં āŠ•્āŠŊાંāŠŊ āŠĩāŠ§ુ āŠĻુāŠ•āŠļાāŠĻ āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠ“āŠĻે āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠĶેāŠķāŠŪાં āŠļāŠđāŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢāŠĻો āŠĩિāŠšાāŠ° āŠŠāŠķ્āŠ°્āŠšિāŠŪāŠĻા āŠĶેāŠķોāŠĻા āŠ†ંāŠ§āŠģા āŠ…āŠĻુāŠ•āŠ°āŠĢāŠŪાંāŠĨી āŠœ āŠ†āŠĩ્āŠŊો āŠđāŠĪો. āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪāŠĻી āŠŠ્āŠ°ાāŠšીāŠĻ āŠ—ુāŠ°ુāŠ•ુāŠģ āŠŠāŠĶ્āŠ§āŠĪિāŠŪાં āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨી āŠ…āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĨાāŠĻે āŠŽ્āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŪāŠšāŠ°્āŠŊાāŠķ્āŠ°āŠŪ āŠĪāŠ°ીāŠ•ે āŠ“āŠģāŠ–āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩāŠĪી āŠđāŠĪી. āŠœિંāŠĶāŠ—ીāŠĻાં āŠŠāŠđેāŠēાં āŠŠāŠš્āŠšીāŠļ āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ· āŠĶāŠ°ેāŠ• āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨીāŠ“ āŠ—ુāŠ°ુāŠĻા āŠ†āŠķ્āŠ°āŠŪāŠŪાં āŠœāŠ‡āŠĻે āŠ­āŠĢāŠĪા. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠĪ્āŠŊાં āŠ•્āŠ§āŠŊાāŠ“āŠĻે āŠŽāŠ§ું āŠœ āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠ˜āŠ°āŠĻા āŠļુāŠ°āŠ•્āŠ·િāŠĪ āŠĩાāŠĪાāŠĩāŠ°āŠĢāŠŪાં āŠœ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩāŠĪું āŠđāŠĪું. āŠĩāŠģી āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠ“āŠĻે āŠœે āŠĩિāŠ·āŠŊો āŠ­āŠĢાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩāŠĪા āŠđāŠĪા āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪાં āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠœ āŠĩિāŠ·āŠŊો āŠ•્āŠ§āŠŊાāŠ“āŠĻે āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĻી āŠļાāŠŪાāŠœિāŠ• āŠ­ૂāŠŪિāŠ•ા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ†āŠĩāŠķ્āŠŊāŠ•āŠĪા āŠŪુāŠœāŠŽ āŠ­āŠĢાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩāŠĪા āŠđāŠĪા. āŠ† āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢāŠĻી āŠļંāŠļ્āŠĨાāŠ“āŠŪાં āŠŪાāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠ›ોāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠ“ āŠœ āŠœોāŠĩા āŠŪāŠģāŠĪા āŠđāŠĪા. āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪāŠĻી āŠ•ોāŠēેāŠœોāŠŪાં āŠœે āŠ§āŠļાāŠ°ો āŠœોāŠĩા āŠŪāŠģે āŠ›ે āŠĪે āŠ‰āŠš્āŠš āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠŠ્āŠ°ાāŠŠ્āŠĪ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĻી āŠ­ૂāŠ– āŠĩāŠ§ી āŠ°āŠđી āŠ›ે, āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે āŠ›ે, āŠĪેāŠĩી āŠ­ૂāŠē āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĻી āŠ•ોāŠ‡ āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ° āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ•ોāŠēેāŠœāŠŪાં āŠœāŠĪાં āŠŽāŠđુāŠŪāŠĪી āŠŊુāŠĩāŠ•āŠŊુāŠĩāŠĪીāŠ“ āŠĩિāŠœાāŠĪીāŠŊ āŠĪāŠĪ્āŠĪ્āŠĩો āŠļાāŠĨે āŠŪોāŠœāŠŪāŠļ્āŠĪી āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠēાāŠ‡āŠŦāŠĻે āŠāŠĻ્āŠœોāŠŊ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠœ āŠ•ોāŠēેāŠœāŠŪાં āŠœāŠĪા āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨીāŠ“āŠĻે āŠ…āŠ­્āŠŊાāŠļāŠŪાં āŠ°āŠļ āŠœ āŠœોāŠĩા āŠŪāŠģāŠĪો āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ•ોāŠēેāŠœોāŠŪાં āŠœો āŠļāŠđāŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢāŠĻી āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĨા āŠŽંāŠ§ āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠĶેāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠĪો āŠ–āŠ°ેāŠ–āŠ° āŠ•ેāŠŸāŠēા āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨીāŠ“ āŠ•ોāŠēેāŠœāŠŪાં āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĩેāŠķ āŠŪેāŠģāŠĩāŠĩા āŠŠāŠĄાāŠŠāŠĄી āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે āŠĪેāŠĻો āŠ–્āŠŊાāŠē āŠ†āŠĩે. āŠļāŠđāŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢāŠĻા āŠĩિāŠ°ોāŠ§ીāŠ“ āŠ•āŠđે āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠુāŠ°ુāŠ· āŠĩāŠš્āŠšે āŠœે āŠ­ેāŠĶ āŠ›ે āŠĪે āŠ•ુāŠĶāŠ°āŠĪી āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĻ āŠŪિāŠŸાāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ાāŠŊ āŠĪેāŠĩો āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠĻો āŠ‡āŠĻāŠ•ાāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĻે āŠŽāŠĶāŠēે āŠļ્āŠĩીāŠ•ાāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°ીāŠĻે āŠœ āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠુāŠ°ુāŠ·āŠĻે āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠĄāŠđાāŠŠāŠĢ āŠ›ે, āŠāŠŪ āŠĪેāŠ“ āŠ•āŠđે āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે āŠœ āŠĪેāŠ“ āŠ…āŠŪેāŠ°િāŠ•ાāŠĻા āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢāŠĩિāŠ·āŠŊāŠ• āŠ•ાāŠŊāŠĶાāŠ“āŠŪાં āŠŦેāŠ°āŠŦાāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĻી āŠુંāŠŽેāŠķ āŠšāŠēાāŠĩી āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŊા āŠ›ે. āŠ…āŠŪેāŠ°િāŠ•ાāŠĻી āŠļāŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĻે āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĻી āŠ† āŠુંāŠŽેāŠķāŠŪાં āŠļāŠĪ્āŠŊ āŠœāŠĢાāŠŊું āŠđોāŠĩાāŠĨી āŠĪે āŠ•ાāŠŊāŠĶાāŠŪાં āŠŦેāŠ°āŠŦાāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩા āŠĪૈāŠŊાāŠ° āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĨāŠ‡ āŠ—āŠ‡ āŠ›ે. āŠŸૂંāŠ• āŠļāŠŪāŠŊāŠŪાં āŠ…āŠŪેāŠ°િāŠ•ાāŠĻું āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠ–ાāŠĪું ‘āŠŸાāŠ‡āŠŸāŠē āŠĻાāŠ‡āŠĻ’ āŠĪāŠ°ીāŠ•ે āŠ“āŠģāŠ–ાāŠĪા āŠ•ાāŠŊāŠĶાāŠŪાં āŠŠāŠ°િāŠĩāŠ°્āŠĪāŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĻું āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠŠāŠ°િāŠĩāŠ°્āŠĪāŠĻ āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠ…āŠŪેāŠ°િāŠ•ાāŠŪાં āŠļિંāŠ—āŠē āŠļેāŠ•્āŠļ āŠļ્āŠ•ૂāŠēોāŠĻી āŠļંāŠ–્āŠŊાāŠŪાં āŠāŠĄāŠŠāŠĨી āŠĩāŠ§ાāŠ°ો āŠĨāŠķેે.

āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪāŠĻી āŠĩાāŠĪ āŠ•āŠ°ીāŠ āŠĪો āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠુāŠ°ૂāŠ· āŠĩāŠš્āŠšે āŠ•ુāŠĶāŠ°āŠĪે āŠœે āŠ­િāŠĻ્āŠĻāŠĪા āŠ°ાāŠ–ી āŠ›ે āŠĪે āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ°ાંāŠĪ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠļāŠŪાāŠœāŠ°āŠšāŠĻાāŠŪાં āŠŠāŠĢ āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠુāŠ°ુāŠ·āŠĻે āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠ…āŠēāŠ— āŠœāŠĩાāŠŽāŠĶાāŠ°ીāŠ“ āŠļોંāŠŠāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩી āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠŪુāŠœāŠŽ āŠŠુāŠ°ુāŠ·āŠĻું āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠ…āŠ°્āŠĨોāŠŠાāŠ°્āŠœāŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĻું āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŽāŠđાāŠ°āŠĻા āŠŽāŠ§ા āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠĩāŠđાāŠ°ો āŠļંāŠ­ાāŠģāŠĩાāŠĻું āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠļાāŠŪે āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠĻે āŠ˜āŠ°āŠĻી āŠļાāŠ°āŠļંāŠ­ાāŠģ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĻી, āŠŽાāŠģāŠ•ોāŠĻો āŠ‰āŠ›ેāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĻી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩāŠĄીāŠēોāŠĻી āŠ•ાāŠģāŠœી āŠ°ાāŠ–āŠĩાāŠĻી āŠœāŠĩાāŠŽāŠĶાāŠ°ી āŠļોંāŠŠāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩી āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠ§ુāŠĻિāŠ• āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢāŠĻા āŠĒાંāŠšાāŠŪાં āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠĻે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠુāŠ°ુāŠ·āŠĻે āŠāŠ• āŠœ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĻું āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે āŠ†āŠœે āŠ…āŠĻેāŠ• āŠļાāŠŪાāŠœિāŠ• āŠĩિāŠ·āŠŪāŠĪાāŠ“ āŠŠેāŠĶા āŠĨāŠ‡ āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠœે āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠ“ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĻોāŠ•āŠ°ીāŠēāŠ•્āŠ·ી āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠēેāŠĪી āŠĨāŠ‡ āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે āŠŠૈāŠļા āŠ•āŠŪાāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠœāŠĩાāŠŽāŠĶાāŠ°ી āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠĻા āŠŪાāŠĨે āŠ†āŠĩી āŠŠāŠĄી āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠœāŠĩાāŠŽāŠĶાāŠ°ી āŠļંāŠ­ાāŠģāŠĩા āŠ›āŠĪાં āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠĻે āŠ—ૃāŠđāŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠĪેāŠŪ āŠœ āŠŽાāŠģāŠ‰āŠ›ેāŠ°āŠĻી āŠœāŠĩાāŠŽāŠĶાāŠ°ી āŠĪો āŠĻિāŠ­ાāŠĩāŠĩી āŠœ āŠŠāŠĄે āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠĻોāŠ•āŠ°ી āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪી āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠ“ āŠŽેāŠĩāŠĄા āŠŽોāŠœા āŠĻીāŠšે āŠ•āŠšāŠĄાāŠ‡ āŠœાāŠŊ āŠ›ે. 

āŠ†āŠœે āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠ“āŠŪાં āŠĄિāŠŠ્āŠ°ેāŠķāŠĻ āŠœેāŠĩી āŠŪાāŠĻāŠļિāŠ• āŠŽીāŠŪાāŠ°ીāŠ“ āŠĩāŠ§ી āŠ—āŠ‡ āŠ›ે, āŠĪેāŠĻું āŠŪુāŠ–્āŠŊ āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢ āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠĻે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩેāŠēી āŠŽેāŠĩāŠĄી āŠœāŠĩાāŠŽāŠĶાāŠ°ી āŠ›ે. āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠ āŠœો āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻી āŠļાāŠŪાāŠœિāŠ• āŠ­ૂāŠŪિāŠ•ાāŠĻે āŠ…āŠĻુāŠ°ૂāŠŠ āŠŠાāŠ•āŠķાāŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°, āŠŽાāŠģāŠ‰āŠ›ેāŠ°, āŠ—ીāŠĪ, āŠļંāŠ—ીāŠĪ, āŠĻૃāŠĪ્āŠŊ, āŠķૃંāŠ—ાāŠ°āŠķાāŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ° āŠĩિāŠ—ેāŠ°ેāŠĻું āŠœ āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠđાંāŠļāŠē āŠ•āŠ°્āŠŊું āŠđોāŠŊ āŠĪો āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠŪાāŠĨે āŠŠૈāŠļા āŠ•āŠŪાāŠĩાāŠĻો āŠŽોāŠœો āŠĻ āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪેāŠĢે āŠŽેāŠĩāŠĄા āŠŽોāŠœા āŠđેāŠ āŠģ āŠ•āŠšāŠĄાāŠĩું āŠĻ āŠŠāŠĄે. āŠŠુāŠ°ૂāŠ·ો āŠŪાāŠŸેāŠĻું āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠŠāŠ°ુāŠ·ોāŠĻી āŠļાāŠĨે āŠēāŠ‡āŠĻે āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠ“ āŠļāŠ°āŠĩાāŠģે āŠĪો āŠĶુ:āŠ–ી āŠœ āŠĨāŠ‡ āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠĪ્āŠŊાં āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠ“ āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ…āŠēાāŠŊāŠĶી āŠ•ોāŠēેāŠœો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŊુāŠĻિāŠĩāŠ°્āŠļિāŠŸીāŠĻી āŠ°āŠšāŠĻા āŠĨāŠ‡ āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĪ્āŠŊાં āŠāŠ•ાāŠĶ āŠĩિāŠ·āŠŊāŠĻે āŠŽાāŠĶ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪાં āŠŠāŠ°ુāŠ·ોāŠĻે āŠ…āŠŠાāŠĪું āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠœ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠĻી āŠļાāŠŪાāŠœિāŠ• āŠ­ૂāŠŪિāŠ•ાāŠŪાં āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠŪāŠĶāŠĶ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪું āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠĪો āŠœ āŠ† āŠŪāŠđિāŠēા āŠŊુāŠĻિāŠĩāŠ°્āŠļિāŠŸીāŠ“ āŠļાāŠ°્āŠĨāŠ• āŠŽāŠĻી āŠ•āŠđેāŠĩાāŠŊ. āŠ•ોāŠ‡ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠĻે āŠāŠĩું āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠĪો āŠđāŠ°āŠ—િāŠ āŠĻ āŠœ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩું āŠœોāŠ‡āŠ, āŠœે āŠŪેāŠģāŠĩ્āŠŊા āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ી āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻી āŠŪૂāŠģāŠ­ૂāŠĪ āŠœāŠĩાāŠŽāŠĶાāŠ°ીāŠ“ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĻિāŠ­ાāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠĻāŠđીં āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩāŠ§ાāŠ°ાāŠĻી āŠœāŠĩાāŠŽāŠĶાāŠ°ી āŠ‰āŠŠાāŠĄāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠŦāŠ°āŠœ āŠŠાāŠĄāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠĶેāŠķāŠŪાં āŠŠ્āŠ°ાāŠšીāŠĻāŠ•ાāŠģāŠŪાં āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠ“āŠĻે āŠ•ોāŠ‡ āŠ•ેāŠģāŠĩāŠĢી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠĻāŠđોāŠĪી āŠ†āŠĩāŠĪી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ…āŠ­āŠĢ āŠœ āŠ°ાāŠ–āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩāŠĪી āŠđāŠĪી āŠĪે āŠĶāŠēીāŠē āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠ“āŠĻે āŠ—ેāŠ°āŠŪાāŠ°્āŠ—ે āŠĶોāŠ°āŠĻાāŠ°ી āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠĶેāŠķāŠŪાં āŠŠુāŠ°ુāŠ·ોāŠĻે āŠœે āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŦ­āŦĻ āŠ•āŠģાāŠ“āŠĻું āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩāŠĪું āŠđāŠĪું āŠĪેāŠŪ āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠ“āŠĻે āŠŠāŠĢ āŦŽāŦŠ āŠ•āŠģાāŠ“ āŠķીāŠ–āŠĩāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩāŠĪી āŠđāŠĪી. āŠ† āŦŽāŦŠ āŠ•āŠģાāŠ“āŠŪાં āŠļ્āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĨ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĩા āŠŪાāŠŸેāŠĻી āŠĪāŠŪાāŠŪ āŠ•āŠģાāŠ“āŠĻો āŠļāŠŪાāŠĩેāŠķ āŠĨāŠ‡ āŠœāŠĪો āŠđāŠĪો. āŠ† āŠ•āŠģાāŠ“ āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ી āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻા āŠļāŠŪāŠ—્āŠ° āŠŠāŠ°િāŠĩાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠŊોāŠ—્āŠŊ āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠļાāŠ°āŠļંāŠ­ાāŠģ āŠēāŠ‡ āŠķāŠ•āŠĪી āŠđāŠĪી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻા āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠĪિāŠĪ્āŠĩāŠĻો āŠĩિāŠ•ાāŠļ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•āŠĪી āŠđāŠĪી. āŠ†āŠœāŠĻી āŠ•ોāŠēેāŠœોāŠŪાં āŠ­āŠĢāŠĪી āŠŊુāŠĩāŠĪીāŠ“ āŠ† āŦŽāŦŠ āŠ•āŠģાāŠ“ āŠŠૈāŠ•ી āŠ­ાāŠ—્āŠŊે āŠœ āŠŽે-āŠšાāŠ° āŠ•āŠģાāŠ“āŠĻું āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠŠ્āŠ°ાāŠŠ્āŠĪ āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•āŠĪી āŠđāŠķે. āŠ† āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠĪેāŠĢે āŠđāŠ•ીāŠ•āŠĪāŠŪાં āŠœે āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠŪેāŠģāŠĩāŠĩું āŠœોāŠ‡āŠ, āŠĪેāŠĻાāŠĨી āŠĪો āŠĪે āŠĩંāŠšિāŠĪ āŠ°āŠđી āŠœાāŠŊ āŠ›ે.

āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠļāŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ° āŠĪāŠ°āŠŦāŠĨી āŠ•્āŠ§āŠŊાāŠ“āŠĻી āŠ•ેāŠģāŠĩāŠĢી āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ•āŠ°ોāŠĄો āŠ°ૂāŠŠિāŠŊા āŠ–āŠ°્āŠšીāŠĻે āŠŪોāŠŸી āŠુંāŠŽેāŠķ āŠšāŠēાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ† āŠુંāŠŽેāŠķ āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠđāŠ•ીāŠ•āŠĪāŠŪાં āŠ•્āŠ§āŠŊાāŠ“āŠĻે āŠŠુāŠ°ૂāŠ·ો āŠŪાāŠŸેāŠĻું āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠ†āŠŠીāŠĻે āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĻે āŠ—ુāŠŪāŠ°ાāŠđ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĻી āŠ•ોāŠķિāŠķ āŠœ āŠĨāŠ‡ āŠ°āŠđી āŠ›ે. āŠœે āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠ“ āŠĻોāŠ•āŠ°ીāŠēāŠ•્āŠ·ી āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠēāŠ‡āŠĻે āŠ°ૂāŠŠિāŠŊા āŠ•āŠŪાāŠĩા āŠēાāŠ—ે āŠĪે āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻી āŠļાāŠŪાāŠœિāŠ• āŠœāŠĩાāŠŽāŠĶાāŠ°ીāŠ“ āŠŠૂāŠ°ેāŠŠૂāŠ°ી āŠĻિāŠ­ાāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•āŠĪી āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠĪેāŠĻે āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠĻા āŠŠāŠĪિ āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ°ાંāŠĪ āŠŽાāŠģāŠ•ો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ˜āŠ°āŠĻા āŠĩāŠĄીāŠēોāŠĻે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ…āŠĻ્āŠŊાāŠŊ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠœે āŠœે āŠ…āŠĻેāŠ• āŠŠāŠ°િāŠĩાāŠ°ો āŠ­ાંāŠ—ી āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŊા āŠ›ે, āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠĻે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩāŠĪી āŠ…āŠŊોāŠ—્āŠŊ āŠ•ેāŠģāŠĩāŠĢી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠŽāŠĶāŠēાāŠŊેāŠēી āŠļાāŠŪાāŠœિāŠ• āŠ­ૂāŠŪિāŠ•ા āŠŠāŠĢ āŠœāŠĩાāŠŽāŠĶાāŠ° āŠ›ે.



āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢ: āŠˆāŠĪિāŠđાāŠļāŠĻી āŠ…āŠĩāŠ—āŠĢāŠĻા āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪો āŠĶāŠļ્āŠĪાāŠĩેāŠœ -- āŠĄૉ. āŠ•િāŠķોāŠ° āŠŠી. āŠĶāŠĩે

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āŦ§āŦŊāŦŦāŦĶāŠŪાં āŠĪૈāŠŊાāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩેāŠēા āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠĻી āŠŪāŠ°્āŠŊાāŠĶા-āŠ–ાāŠŪી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪ્āŠ°ુāŠŸિāŠ“ āŠđāŠĩે āŠĻāŠœāŠ°āŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩી āŠ°āŠđી āŠ›ે. āŠļૌāŠĨી āŠŪāŠđāŠĪ્āŠĪ્āŠĩāŠĻી āŠĩાāŠĪ āŠ āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŦ§āŦŊāŦŠāŦŦ-āŦŠāŦŽāŠĨી āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠĻી āŠœોāŠ—āŠĩાāŠˆāŠ“ āŠ…ંāŠ—ે āŠšāŠ°્āŠšા āŠķāŠ°ૂ āŠĨāŠˆ. āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢ āŠļāŠ­ાāŠŪાં āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠĩિāŠķāŠĶ્ āŠ›āŠĢાāŠĩāŠŸ āŠĨāŠˆ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ›ેāŠ• āŦ§āŦŊāŦŦāŦĶāŠŪાં āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢ āŠ…āŠŪāŠēી āŠŽāŠĻ્āŠŊું, āŠŠāŠ°ંāŠĪુ āŠĪે āŠĩāŠ–āŠĪāŠĻી āŠ°ાāŠ·્āŠŸ્āŠ°ીāŠŊ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ†ંāŠĪāŠ°āŠ°ાāŠ·્āŠŸ્āŠ°ીāŠŊ āŠŠāŠ°િāŠļ્āŠĨિāŠĪિ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪાં āŠ†āŠœે āŠšિāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠļાāŠĩ āŠœુāŠĶું āŠ›ે.

āŠĶેāŠķāŠĻા āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠĻા āŠĻાāŠŪે āŠ­ાāŠ—āŠēા āŠŠāŠĄ્āŠŊા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠœે āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠĻે āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે āŠ­ાāŠ—āŠēા āŠŠāŠĄ્āŠŊા āŠĪે āŠļેāŠ•્āŠŊુāŠēાāŠ°િāŠāŠŪāŠĻું āŠŠૂāŠ›āŠĄું āŠ†āŠœે āŠŠāŠ•āŠĄી āŠēેāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩ્āŠŊું āŠ›ે āŠĪેāŠĨી āŠĪો āŠĶૈāŠĻિāŠ• āŠ§ોāŠ°āŠĢે āŠĻુāŠ•āŠļાāŠĻ āŠĨāŠˆ āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŊું āŠ›ે. āŠļેāŠ•્āŠŊુāŠēાāŠ°િāŠāŠŪāŠĻું "āŠĩāŠģāŠ—āŠĢ āŠœેāŠŸāŠēું āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪāŠŪાં āŠ›ે āŠĪેāŠŸāŠēું āŠĪો āŠ† āŠķāŠŽ્āŠĶ āŠœ્āŠŊાંāŠĨી āŠŠેāŠĶા āŠĨāŠŊો āŠ›ે āŠĪે āŠŊુāŠ°ોāŠŠāŠŪાં āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĻāŠĨી! āŠĩાāŠļ્āŠĪāŠĩિāŠ•āŠĪા āŠ āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠ† āŠķāŠŽ્āŠĶāŠĻા āŠĻાāŠŪે āŠœેāŠŸāŠēા āŠŪાāŠĨા āŠŠāŠ›ાāŠĄāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩી āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŊા āŠ›ે āŠĪેāŠŸāŠēું āŠœ āŠĻુāŠ•āŠļાāŠĻ āŠļāŠŪાāŠœāŠĻી āŠāŠ•āŠĪાāŠĻે āŠĨāŠˆ āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŊું āŠ›ે.

āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪāŠĻો āŠ§ાāŠ°્āŠŪિāŠ•, āŠļાંāŠļ્āŠ•ૃāŠĪિāŠ• āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠૌāŠ°ાāŠĢિāŠ• āŠˆāŠĪિāŠđાāŠļ āŦŦ āŠđāŠœાāŠ° āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ· āŠœૂāŠĻો āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠˆāŠĪિāŠđાāŠļāŠĻા āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠŠāŠĢ āŠŪુāŠĶ્āŠĶાāŠĻું āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĪિāŠŽિંāŠŽ āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠŪાં āŠŠāŠĄāŠĪું āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ† āŠĶેāŠķāŠĻી āŠŠāŠ°ંāŠŠāŠ°ા, āŠĪેāŠĻો āŠˆāŠĪિāŠđાāŠļ, āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠœૂāŠĻા āŠļāŠŪāŠŊāŠĻા āŠ°ાāŠœāŠĩીāŠĻી āŠŠāŠ°ંāŠŠāŠ°ા, āŠŪૂāŠē્āŠŊો, āŠ–ુāŠŪાāŠ°ી, āŠ–ાāŠĻāŠĶાāŠĻી āŠĩāŠ—ેāŠ°ેāŠĻો āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠœ āŠ…ંāŠķ āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠŪાં āŠĶેāŠ–ાāŠĪો āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠĩેāŠĶ, āŠ‰āŠŠāŠĻિāŠ·āŠĶ, āŠ†āŠŊુāŠ°્āŠĩેāŠĶ, āŠķ્āŠ°ુāŠĪિ, āŠļ્āŠŪૃāŠĪિ, āŠ°ાāŠŪાāŠŊāŠĢ, āŠŪāŠđાāŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪ āŠ•ે āŠķ્āŠ°ીāŠŪāŠĶ્ āŠ­āŠ—āŠĩāŠĶ્āŠ—ીāŠĪાāŠĻો āŠ•āŠ°્āŠŪāŠĻો āŠļિāŠĶ્āŠ§ાંāŠĪ āŠ†āŠŪાંāŠĻું āŠ•āŠķું āŠœ āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠŪાં āŠĶેāŠ–ાāŠĪું āŠĻāŠĨી.

āŠĶુāŠĻિāŠŊાāŠŪાં āŠ•āŠŊો āŠĶેāŠķ āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻી āŠļāŠ­્āŠŊāŠĪા - āŠļંāŠļ્āŠ•ૃāŠĪિāŠĻી āŠ“āŠģāŠ– āŠĩāŠ—āŠ° āŠ†āŠĩી āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠĩિāŠĶેāŠķāŠĨી āŠ†āŠŊાāŠĪ āŠĨāŠŊેāŠēા āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠĻી āŠœોāŠ—āŠĩાāŠˆāŠ“ āŠ•āŠˆ āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠŸāŠ•ી āŠķāŠ•ે? āŠĪેāŠŪ āŠœ āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠ‰āŠŠāŠŊોāŠ—િāŠĪા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŊāŠĨાāŠ°્āŠĨāŠĪા āŠ•ેāŠŸāŠēી? āŠāŠ• āŠļુāŠļંāŠļ્āŠ•ૃāŠĪ, āŠļāŠ­્āŠŊ āŠļāŠŪાāŠœ āŠĪāŠ°ીāŠ•ેāŠĻી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠ†āŠ—āŠĩી āŠ“āŠģāŠ–āŠĻે āŠ˜āŠļાāŠ°ો āŠēાāŠ—ી āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŊો āŠ›ે āŠĪેāŠĻું āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢ āŠ…āŠĩાāŠļ્āŠĪāŠĩિāŠ• āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢ āŠ›ે.

āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠŪાં āŠ•્āŠŊાંāŠŊ āŠ°ાāŠœāŠ•āŠ°્āŠĪાāŠ“āŠĻી āŠœāŠĩાāŠŽāŠĶાāŠ°ી āŠĻિāŠķ્āŠ°્āŠšિāŠĪ āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ાāŠŊ āŠĪેāŠĩી āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪો āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠļાંāŠļāŠĶો, āŠ°ાāŠœ્āŠŊāŠŠાāŠēāŠĻી āŠŦāŠ°āŠœ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠœāŠĩાāŠŽāŠĶાāŠ°ીāŠĻું āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•āŠ°āŠĢ āŠ…āŠļંāŠĶિāŠ—્āŠ§ āŠ›ે. āŠĻ્āŠŊાāŠŊāŠŠાāŠēિāŠ•ા āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ˜āŠĢો āŠœ āŠķૂāŠĻ્āŠŊાāŠĩāŠ•ાāŠķ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĩāŠ°્āŠĪી āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŊો āŠ›ે. āŠĻ્āŠŊાāŠŊāŠĪંāŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĻી āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠ·āŠŪāŠĪા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩિāŠķ્āŠ°્āŠĩāŠļāŠĻીāŠŊāŠĪા āŠļાāŠŪે āŠĩ્āŠŊાāŠŠāŠ• āŠķંāŠ•ા āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠĪ āŠĨāŠˆ āŠ°āŠđી āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠĩી āŠ…āŠļંāŠ–્āŠŊ āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪોāŠŪાં āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢ āŠļાāŠĩ āŠŪૌāŠĻ āŠ›ે.

āŠŽ્āŠ°િāŠŸāŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ…āŠŪેāŠ°િāŠ•ાāŠĻા āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠĻી āŠœોāŠ—āŠĩાāŠˆāŠ“ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠŪાં āŠ›ે āŠĪેāŠĩું āŠ•āŠđેāŠĩાāŠŊ āŠ›ે, āŠŠāŠ°ંāŠĪુ āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠœે āŠļાāŠ°ી āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪો āŠđāŠĪી āŠĪે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠŪાં āŠļāŠŪાāŠĩી āŠēેāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩી āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠœેāŠŪ āŠ•ે āŠŽ્āŠ°િāŠŸāŠĻāŠŪાં āŠĪો āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢ āŠēેāŠ–િāŠĪāŠŪાં āŠĻāŠĨી, āŠŠāŠ°ંāŠĪુ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ§ાāŠĻ āŠļાāŠŪે āŠ†āŠ•્āŠ·ેāŠŠ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠĪો āŠĪે āŠĪુāŠ°āŠĪ āŠœ āŠ°ાāŠœીāŠĻાāŠŪું āŠ†āŠŠી āŠĶેāŠĪા āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠ†āŠĩી āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĢાāŠēિāŠ•ા āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠļ્āŠĩીāŠ•ાāŠ°ી āŠĻāŠĨી.

āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ§ાāŠĻāŠŪંāŠĄāŠģāŠĻું āŠ•āŠĶ āŠŽ્āŠ°િāŠŸિāŠķ āŠŠાāŠ°્āŠēાāŠŪેāŠĻ્āŠŸāŠĻી āŠļંāŠ–્āŠŊાāŠĻા āŦ§āŦĶ āŠŸāŠ•ા āŠđોāŠĩું āŠœોāŠˆāŠ āŠĪેāŠĩી āŠœોāŠ—āŠĩાāŠˆ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠĪ્āŠŊાં āŠ›ે āŠ–āŠ°ી? āŠ…āŠŪેāŠ°િāŠ•ાāŠĻા āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠŪાં āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŪુāŠ– āŠŽāŠđાāŠ°āŠĻા āŠĻિāŠ·્āŠĢાāŠĪોāŠĻે āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻી āŠ•ેāŠŽિāŠĻેāŠŸāŠŪાં āŠļāŠŪાāŠĩી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે, āŠœ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠĪ્āŠŊાં āŠ†āŠĩી āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĢાāŠēિāŠ•ાāŠĻો āŠļ્āŠĩીāŠ•ાāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩ્āŠŊો āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ†āŠĩા āŠĪો āŠ˜āŠĢા āŠŪુāŠĶ્āŠĶા āŠ›ે āŠœે āŠ‰āŠŠેāŠ•્āŠ·િāŠĪ āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŊા āŠ›ે āŠ†āŠœે āŠĪે āŠĻāŠĄāŠĪāŠ°āŠ°ૂāŠŠ āŠŽāŠĻ્āŠŊા āŠ›ે.

āŠ…āŠĻાāŠŪāŠĪ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĨા āŠ āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠĻું āŠ…āŠ§āŠŪ āŠ•āŠ•્āŠ·ાāŠĻું āŠŠાāŠŠ āŠ›ે. āŠķોāŠ·િāŠĪ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩંāŠšિāŠĪોāŠĻે āŠĻાāŠŪે āŠĩાāŠļ્āŠĪāŠĩāŠŪાં āŠĪો āŠđāŠĩે āŠŠāŠ›ાāŠĪ āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ—āŠŪાં āŠœ āŠļ્āŠĨાāŠŠિāŠĪ āŠđિāŠĪોāŠĻો āŠ…āŠĄ્āŠĄો āŠŠāŠ­ો āŠĨāŠŊો āŠ›ે. āŠ›ેāŠē્āŠēી āŠœોāŠ—āŠĩાāŠˆ āŠŪāŠđાāŠ°ાāŠ·્āŠŸ્āŠ°āŠŪાં āŠŪāŠ°ાāŠ ા āŠ•્āŠ·āŠĪ્āŠ°િāŠŊ āŠ•ોāŠŪāŠĻે āŠ…āŠĻાāŠŪāŠĪ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩા āŠĨāŠŊેāŠēી āŠœાāŠđેāŠ°ાāŠĪ āŠŠુāŠ°āŠĩાāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે āŠ•ે āŠœેāŠŪāŠĻા āŠĻાāŠŪે āŦŊāŦĶ āŠŸāŠ•ા āŠ–ાંāŠĄāŠĻા āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠ–ાāŠĻા āŠšાāŠēે āŠ›ે āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĻે āŠđāŠĩે "āŠŠāŠ›ાāŠĪ āŠ•āŠđેāŠĩાāŠŊ āŠ›ે! āŠ†āŠĩી āŠœોāŠ—āŠĩાāŠˆāŠ“āŠĻી āŠļāŠŪાāŠœāŠŪાં āŠķું āŠ…āŠļāŠ° āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે āŠĪે āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠœાāŠĢે āŠ›ે āŠ–āŠ°ા?

āŠļāŠŪાāŠœāŠŪાં āŠ­ાāŠ—āŠēા āŠŠāŠĄાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠĻું āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠ†āŠĩી āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠ…āŠĻાāŠŪāŠĪ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĨા āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે, āŠœે āŠāŠĪિāŠđાāŠļિāŠ• āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢ āŦ§āŦŊāŦŦāŦĶāŠŪાં āŠđāŠĪા. āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠœે āŠ˜āŠĢું āŠŠāŠ°િāŠĩāŠ°્āŠĪāŠĻ āŠ†āŠĩ્āŠŊું āŠ›ે. āŠ›āŠĪાં āŠœોāŠ—āŠĩાāŠˆāŠ“ āŠĪો āŠœૂāŠĻāŠĩાāŠĢી āŠœ āŠ°āŠđી āŠ›ે. āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠŪાં āŠŦેāŠ°āŠŦાāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩા āŠŽે āŠĪૃāŠĪીāŠŊાંāŠķ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĢ āŠšāŠĪુāŠ°્āŠĨાંāŠķ āŠŽāŠđુāŠŪāŠĪીāŠĻી āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ° āŠŠāŠĄે āŠ›ે āŠœે āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠķાāŠļāŠ• āŠŠāŠ•્āŠ· āŠŠાāŠļે āŠļંāŠ–્āŠŊા āŠđોāŠĪી āŠĻāŠĨી āŠ†āŠĩા āŠ˜āŠĢા āŠ•ાāŠĻૂāŠĻી āŠŪુāŠĶ્āŠĶા āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ…āŠĄāŠšāŠĢāŠ°ૂāŠŠ āŠ›ે.

āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢ āŠļāŠŪાāŠœāŠĻે āŠŪાāŠ°્āŠ—āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķāŠ• āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠāŠĨāŠĶāŠ°્āŠķāŠ• āŠŽāŠĻāŠĩાāŠĻે āŠŽāŠĶāŠēે āŠ…āŠĩāŠ°ોāŠ§āŠ• āŠŠāŠ°િāŠŽāŠģ āŠŽāŠĻ્āŠŊું āŠ›ે. 

āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪāŠĻી āŠļાāŠĨે āŠœ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ—āŠĪિāŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠķāŠ°ૂ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĻાāŠ° āŠœāŠ°્āŠŪāŠĻી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠœાāŠŠાāŠĻ āŠ†āŠœે āŠ•્āŠŊાંāŠŊ āŠ†āŠ—āŠģ āŠ›ે āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠđāŠœુ āŠŠીāŠĩાāŠĻું āŠŠાāŠĢી, āŠ…āŠ•્āŠ·āŠ°āŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĶાāŠ°ૂāŠŽંāŠ§ી āŠœેāŠĩી āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪોāŠŪાં āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠĻāŠ•્āŠ•āŠ° āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•્āŠŊા āŠĻāŠĨી.

āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠĻા āŠŪાāŠ°્āŠ—āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķāŠ• āŠļિāŠĶ્āŠ§ાંāŠĪāŠŪાં āŠļંāŠŠૂāŠ°્āŠĢ āŠĶાāŠ°ૂāŠŽંāŠ§ી, āŠ—ૌāŠĩંāŠķ āŠđāŠĪ્āŠŊા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĪિāŠŽંāŠ§ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĻિ:āŠķુāŠē્āŠ• āŠŠ્āŠ°ાāŠĨāŠŪિāŠ• āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠ† āŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĢāŠŪાંāŠĨી āŠāŠ•āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŪુāŠĶ્āŠĶે āŦ§āŦĶāŦĶ āŠŸāŠ•ા āŠļāŠŦāŠģ āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠĨāŠŊું āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ—ૌāŠĩંāŠķ āŠđāŠĪ્āŠŊા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĪિāŠŽંāŠ§ āŠ•ેāŠŸāŠēાāŠ• āŠ°ાāŠœ્āŠŊોāŠŪાં āŠ…āŠŪāŠēી āŠ›ે, āŠŠāŠ°ંāŠĪુ āŠŽāŠ§ા āŠ°ાāŠœ્āŠŊોāŠŪાં āŠĻāŠĨી āŠ†āŠĨી āŠŠāŠĄોāŠķી āŠ°ાāŠœ્āŠŊ āŠ›āŠŸāŠ•āŠŽાāŠ°ીāŠĻો āŠēાāŠ­ āŠēāŠˆāŠĻે āŠ—ેāŠ°āŠ•ાāŠŊāŠĶે āŠ•ૃāŠĪ્āŠŊ āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠ°āŠđ્āŠŊા āŠ›ે.

āŠ•āŠē્āŠŊાāŠĢ āŠ°ાāŠœ્āŠŊāŠĻી āŠ­ાāŠĩāŠĻાāŠĻે āŠ…āŠĻુāŠ°ૂāŠŠ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠœાāŠĻા āŠđિāŠĪāŠŪાં āŠĶાāŠ°ૂāŠŽંāŠ§ી āŠđોāŠĩી āŠœોāŠˆāŠ. āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪ āŠœેāŠĩા āŠ—āŠ°āŠŪ āŠĶેāŠķāŠŪાં āŠĶાāŠ°ૂāŠĻી āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ° āŠĻāŠĨી. 

āŠĶાāŠ°ૂ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪાં āŠĶૂāŠ§āŠĻી āŠĩāŠ§ુ āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ° āŠ›ે āŠ›āŠĪાં āŠ—ૌāŠĩંāŠķāŠĻી āŠ•āŠĪāŠē āŠĨāŠŊા āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે. āŠļુāŠŠ્āŠ°ીāŠŪ āŠ•ોāŠ°્āŠŸāŠĻા āŠšુāŠ•ાāŠĶા āŠŽાāŠĶ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠļāŠŪāŠ—્āŠ° āŠ°ાāŠ·્āŠŸ્āŠ°āŠŪાં āŠļંāŠŠૂāŠ°્āŠĢ āŠ—ૌāŠĩંāŠķ āŠđāŠĪ્āŠŊા āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĪિāŠŽંāŠ§ āŠāŠ•āŠļૂāŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĪા āŠļાāŠĨે āŠ…āŠŪāŠēી āŠĻāŠĨી āŠĪે āŠāŠ• āŠ•āŠŪāŠĻāŠļીāŠŽી āŠ›ે.

āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠœાāŠĻું āŠ•āŠē્āŠŊાāŠĢ āŠœોāŠĩાāŠĻે āŠŽāŠĶāŠēે āŠĶાāŠ°ૂāŠĻા āŠĩેāŠšાāŠĢāŠŪાંāŠĨી āŠāŠ•્āŠļાāŠˆāŠāŠĻી āŠ†āŠĩāŠ• āŠŪāŠģે āŠ›ે āŠĪેāŠĩી āŠļāŠēાāŠđ āŠœ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠ†āŠķ્āŠ°્āŠšāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠāŠ•āŠŪાāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠ—ુāŠœāŠ°ાāŠĪāŠŪાં āŦ§āŦŊāŦŠāŦ­āŠĨી āŠĶાāŠ°ૂāŠŽંāŠ§ી āŠ…āŠŪāŠēી āŠ›ે. āŠ­āŠēે āŠ—āŠŪે āŠĪેāŠŸāŠēી āŠŸીāŠ•ા āŠĨાāŠŊ, āŠŠāŠ°ંāŠĪુ āŠ—ુāŠœāŠ°ાāŠĪāŠĻો āŠļāŠ°ેāŠ°ાāŠķ āŠŪāŠ§્āŠŊāŠŪāŠĩāŠ°્āŠ—āŠĻો āŠŊુāŠĩાāŠĻ āŠĶાāŠ°ૂāŠĨી āŠ…āŠēિāŠŠ્āŠĪ āŠ°āŠđીāŠĻે āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻો āŠĩેāŠŠાāŠ°, āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠĩāŠļાāŠŊ āŠ•āŠ°ે āŠ›ે. 

āŠ—ુāŠœāŠ°ાāŠĪāŠĻી āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠœાāŠĻી āŠ–āŠ°ીāŠĶāŠķāŠ•્āŠĪિ āŠĩāŠ§ુ āŠ›ે āŠĪે āŠĩાāŠĪāŠĻું āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĪિāŠŽિંāŠŽ āŠĶાāŠ°ૂāŠŽંāŠ§ીāŠĻે āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે āŠ›ે āŠĪે āŠ•ોāŠĢ āŠļāŠŪāŠœે āŠ›ે?

āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢ āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪે āŠāŠ• āŠ°ાāŠ·્āŠŸ્āŠ°ીāŠŊ āŠ•āŠ•્āŠ·ાāŠĻી āŠšāŠ°્āŠšાāŠļāŠ­ા āŠ…āŠĻિāŠĩાāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠŪાāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠļāŠ°્āŠĩāŠļંāŠŪāŠĪિ āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠœ āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠĻે āŠŦāŠ°ીāŠĨી āŠēāŠ–āŠĩું āŠ…āŠĻિāŠĩાāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠœે āŠŪāŠĪāŠ­ેāŠĶ āŠ›ે āŠĪે āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪે āŠļાāŠĨે āŠŽેāŠļીāŠĻે āŠ‰āŠ•ેāŠē āŠķોāŠ§āŠĩા āŠœોāŠˆāŠ. āŦ§āŦĻāŦŦ āŠ•āŠ°ોāŠĄāŠĻી āŠœāŠĻāŠļંāŠ–્āŠŊાāŠĻી āŠ…āŠŠેāŠ•્āŠ·ા, āŠ†āŠ•ાંāŠ•્āŠ·ાāŠĨી āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢ āŠŠāŠĢું āŠŠāŠĪāŠ°્āŠŊું āŠ›ે. āŠ–ાāŠļ āŠ•āŠ°ીāŠĻે āŠŊુāŠĩાāŠĻāŠĩāŠ°્āŠ— āŠ†āŠœે āŠŠāŠ°િāŠĢાāŠŪāŠēāŠ•્āŠ·ી āŠ•ાāŠŪāŠ—ીāŠ°ી āŠŪાāŠ—ે āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠĩે āŠĩāŠ–āŠĪે āŠēાāŠ—āŠĢીāŠĻે āŠļāŠŪāŠœāŠĩી āŠ°āŠđી.

āŠĩાāŠœāŠŠેāŠŊી āŠļāŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ° āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠŪાં āŠŦેāŠ°āŠŦાāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩા āŠļુāŠŠ્āŠ°ીāŠŪ āŠ•ોāŠ°્āŠŸāŠĻા āŠĻિāŠĩૃāŠĪ્āŠĪ āŠšીāŠŦ āŠœāŠļ્āŠŸિāŠļāŠĻા āŠĻેāŠĪૃāŠĪ્āŠĩ āŠđેāŠ āŠģ āŠ•āŠŪિāŠŸીāŠĻી āŠ°āŠšāŠĻા āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩી āŠđāŠĪી. āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠ…āŠđેāŠĩાāŠē āŠļુāŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĪ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩ્āŠŊો āŠđāŠĪો, āŠŠāŠ°ંāŠĪુ āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°āŠŽાāŠĶ āŠ†āŠ—āŠģāŠĻી āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠœ āŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊāŠĩાāŠđી āŠĨāŠˆ āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠĻિāŠ·્āŠĢાāŠĪોāŠ āŠ•āŠ°ેāŠēી āŠ­āŠēાāŠŪāŠĢ āŠ…ંāŠ—ે āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠ• āŠšāŠ°્āŠšા āŠĨāŠĩી āŠœોāŠˆāŠ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļāŠŪāŠŊāŠĻે āŠ…āŠĻુāŠ°ૂāŠŠ āŠŦેāŠ°āŠŦાāŠ° āŠŽંāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĢāŠŪાં āŠ…āŠĩāŠķ્āŠŊ āŠĨāŠĩા āŠœોāŠˆāŠ.